Evidence Obtained Improperly During The Police Interviews - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1508 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Act Essay Police Essay Did you like this example? A lawful arrest of an individual indicates a legal condition of the arrested individual. Likewise, a subsequent detention of an individual at a police station brings about a legal consequence. For example, confinement, which under other circumstances would amount to a false imprisonment, will lawfully restrict the individuals privacy and freedom of movement but it also creates legal obligations on police officers. In relation to the detention, treatment and questioning of suspects, parts 4 and 5 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 are applicable, along with Code of Practice C: The Detention, Treatment and Questioning of Persons by Police Officers. The conduct however, of police officers, has at times been put under scrutiny by the courts, particularly under s.76 and s.78 of PACE. Under s.36(7), where a suspect is taken into a non-designated police station, any police officer present may assume the role of the custody officer although, this should not b e done by the police officer investigating the case wherever possible. If this does happen and cannot be avoided, then the officer who took the suspect to the police station or any other police officer may assume the role of the custody officer, however, the arresting officer must inform an officer of at least the rank of inspector as soon as possible in accordance with s.36(9) and s.36(10). Under s.37, the custody officer must determine if there is enough evidence to charge the suspect, and if it is decided that there is cause to charge the suspect, the custody officer may detain that person for as long as necessary for that particular purpose. If not, the suspect must either be released on bail or without bail  [7]  . Code C of PACE covers the rights and acts as a safeguard to detained suspects, particularly sections 2 and 3 regarding the issue of custody records. Firstly, the detainee has the right to have someone informed of the arrest, for example a partner or fami ly member. Secondly, the suspect has the right to be given legal advice  [8]  , that is; a solicitor, or appropriate adult must be permitted to consult a detainees custody record as soon as practicable after their arrival at the station and at any other time whilst the person is detained. Arrangements for this access however must be agreed with the custody officer and may not unreasonably interfere with the custody officers duties. Finally, they have the right to consult the Codes of Practice attached to PACE. When interviewing vulnerable persons, the interview itself cannot take place without an appropriate adult being present  [9]  . Whilst PACE and the Codes of Practice contain a number of provisions designed and put in place to protect the rights of persons within police custody, there are further measures available to ensure that suspects that are deemed to be vulnerable are subject to additional safeguards. These include suspects that are juveniles, persons with men tal disorders, blind persons, foreign persons and those who are unable to understand English. Section 38 of PACE provides that once a person has been arrested the custody officer has to decide on one of four options that the suspect may either be released on bail or without bail, released on bail but with conditions or that they may be detained in police custody until brought before a magistrates court. The general conditions under which detained persons can be held in police custody are contained in the provisions of s.8 Code of Practice C. S.8(1) states that So far as it is practicable, not more than one detainee should be detained in each cell. Also a juvenile should not be placed in a police cell unless there is no other secure accommodation available. Whenever a juvenile is placed into a police cell it must be recorded and in any event, a juvenile should not be placed in a cell with an adult. The cells must be adequately heated, ventilated and also cleaned and have access to a toilet and washing facilities  [10] The provisions in respect of the treatment of detained persons are contained under s.9 of Code C which is primarily concerned with general issues, medical treatment and any documentation. Firstly, there is a general provision in place that where a complaint is made or concern arises regarding a persons treatment after being arrested, a report must be made as soon as possible to an inspector or any rank above who is not associated with the investigation. Where the particular matter may concern unlawful physical force being used, an appropriate healthcare professional must be called as soon as possible in accordance with Code of Practice C. Under s.9 detained persons should be visited every 30 minutes at least, unless they are drunk to which they should be visited every 30 minutes and also roused and spoken to. Wherever possible, juveniles and those at risk should be visited more frequently, for example those who have suicidal tendencies. This was highlighted in the case of Kirkham v Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police [1990]  [11]  where it was held that the police are under a duty of care to prevent a prisoner committing suicide where they are aware that the person has suicidal tendencies. The custody officer has to take charge of the search process, including a full record of all of the suspects property. Under the Police Reform Act 2002, similar powers are now given to civilian detention officers, however, the case of Lindley v Rutter [1981]  [12]  in which a police officer conducting a search and removing items of clothing of an arrested person may not be acting in the execution of duty if the circumstances of the particular case do not justify such measures. The defendant was arrested in the street for disorderly behaviour while drunk. She was taken to the station and put in a cell, where a police woman attempted to search her. The search met with resistance whereupon the defendant was forc ibly searched and her bra removed. The defendant was charged with assaulting a police officer in the execution of her duty and convicted. On appeal, held, allowing the appeal, that although the WPC believed she was acting in accordance with standing instructions she was still under a duty to consider whether the search and removal of clothing was necessary; she had not considered these matters and her conduct was not justified. The overall conduct of police interviews is governed by s.11 of Code C. Section 11(1) states that an interview is the questioning of a person regarding their involvement or suspected involvement in a criminal offence or offences which, under paragraph 10.1, must be carried out under caution. Once it has been decided to arrest a suspect, that person must be not be interviewed about the offence in question, except at a police station or authorised place of detention, although this is subject to three exceptions if there is the possibility of a delay which wo uld lead to interference with, or harm to, evidence connected with an offence; interference with, or physical harm to, other people; or serious loss of, or damage to, property. Evidence by the courts can be seen as inadmissible under s.78 if records of interviews are not properly kept. However, in the case of R v Heslop [1996]  [13]  in which the defendant appealed against conviction for murder on the grounds that the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 Code C was breached by not entering in the custody record a comment he made, admitting stabbing the victim. The police officer recorded the comment in his notebook which the defendant later signed. It was held, dismissing the appeal, that there was no specific requirement that comments such as those made by the defendant should be entered in the custody record, and his conviction was not unsafe. Now routine tape recordings are part of the interview process and are governed under s.60 of PACE and further supported by Code of Practice E. this was evident in the case of DPP v Ara [2001]  [14]  in which DPP appealed by way of case stated against a decision by magistrates to stay proceedings against Ara as an abuse of process. The police had decided to caution Ara following his alleged admission during a police interview, at which his solicitor had not been present, of an offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm. Aras solicitor had been unable to advise him to accept the caution because he was unable to assess the strength of the prosecution case in the face of a refusal by the police to release a record of the interview. Consequently Ara had been charged with the offence. The DPP submitted that, firstly, if the police were to become subject to a duty of disclosure prior to charge, the caution process would be undermined since the police would simply proceed immediately to charge and secondly the lack of disclosure did not render the proceedings such an abuse as to necessitate a stay. In gen eral the courts are not concerned with how evidence is obtained, whether it involved unfair or improper means. They merely make a judgement on the evidence provided and presented to them and then make a decision based on this. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Evidence Obtained Improperly During The Police Interviews" essay for you Create order

Hunter College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Located in Manhattans East Side, Hunter College is a large public university with a 36% acceptance rate. Part of  CUNY, Hunter has done well in national rankings because of its strong academic programs and relatively low cost of attendance. High achieving students should check out the Macaulay Honors College which offers tuition waivers, special classes, and many other perks. Hunter College has an impressively diverse study body, and the schools location in New York City offers students a world of cultural, social, and professional experiences. Interested in applying to Hunter College? Here are the admissions statistics you should know including Hunters acceptance rate, average GPA, and average SAT/ACT scores. Acceptance Rate For students who entered CUNY Hunter College in the 2018-19 academic year, the acceptance rate was 36%. This means that for every 100 applicants, 36 received acceptance letters and 64% were rejected. As these numbers suggest, Hunter has a selective admissions process. Admission Statistics (2018-19) Number of Applicants 31,030 Percent Admitted 36% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled 23% SAT Scores and Requirements All applicants to Hunter College must submit either SAT or ACT scores. The SAT is by far the most popular exam. For students entering the university in the 2018-19 academic year, 88% submitted SAT scores. Hunter College SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 570 650 Math 580 680 According to the colleges admissions website, the average combined SAT score for students who entered Hunter in the fall of 2018 was a 1300. When we compare that number to national SAT score ranges, we can see that the majority of Hunter students are among the top 20% of all test-takers. On the evidence-based reading and writing test, the middle 50% of Hunter students scored between a 570 and 650. It follows tht 25% scored a 570 or lower, and 25% earned a 650 or higher. Scores on the math section were slightly higher. The middle 50% of students scored between a 580 an 680. This tell us that 25% scored a 580 or lower, and students in the top quartile scored a 680 or higher. Requirements Hunter College does not require the optional SAT essay, nor does the college require applicants to take any SAT subject tests. ACT Scores and Requirements Because such a small percentage of Hunter applicants take the ACT, the college does not publish score ranges for the applicant pool. The colleges admissions website states that the average ACT composite score for matriculated students was a 28. Hunter does not require the ACT Plus Writing, nor does the college require applicants who take the ACT to also take any SAT subject tests. GPA Although Hunter College has a low acceptance rate, you do not need to be a straight A student to be admitted. According to the admissions website, the average high school GPA was a 3.5. Most of the schools data is presented using the type of 100-point scale that is popular in New York State high schools. The colleges 2017 Factbook reveals that 26.2% of students had an adjusted high school average between 90 and 100. 25.1% scored between 85 and 89.9. Another 21.3% scored between 80 and 84.9. The average high school GPA for students who are admitted to the Macaulay Honors College is a 3.9 (94 on a 100-point scale). Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Graph of Hunter College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Data. Graph Courtesy of Cappex.   The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Hunter College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances CUNY Hunter College receives thousands of applications, and well over half of applicants are unsuccessful in receiving an offer of admission. To get in, youre probably going to need grades and test scores that are above average. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. Note that there are some red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) hidden behind the green and blue in the middle of the graph. Some students with grades and test scores that were on target for Hunter did not get in. At the same time, some students were accepted with test scores and grades that were below the norm. These seeming inconsistencies are because the CUNY application used by all of the CUNY campuses is evaluated holistically. Hunter College and the other CUNY schools want to see high grades in rigorous courses and strong test scores, but they also take into consideration your application essay. Sources: Graph courtesy of Cappex; all other data from the National Center for Education Statistics and the Hunter College admissions website.

What You Should Do to Find Out About School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics Before You're Left Behind The School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics Cover Up You'll quickly discover that a small discussion can go quite a distance. Bear in mind your controversial research paper won't address the problem, it's required to teach you to have a look at the problem from all the sides possible and hold the discussion. Make certain that when you select a topic, you keep in mind which you will want to be sure to create a good thesis and support that thesis with solid factors. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. Where to Find School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics Remember that you need to not settle for a topic on which there's a probable answer. Trying to opt for a topic please be gentle and consider your audience. Even if the topic is something you've got personal understanding about, it's still beneficial to get some sources lined up. As a writer, you ought to be extra careful to not settle on a topic that's too general, therefore specificity is essential. How to Find School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics on the Web If you would like to make a fantastic problem solution paper dealing with compulsive online usage, it is reasonable to have a peek at our writing tutorial below. Services where you are able to come across expert essay writer online are popular among the world wide web. Professional writing service will solve issues with homework at any level with no delays. You can also locate some help online. New Questions About School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics A superb research paper entails detailed info on your subject of choice. A wonderful academic paper will have enough evidence and background details. Without a suitable content, superior research paper topics won't make sense. Argumentative research paper topics are a whole lot much easier to find than to produce. Make using the sugg ested research paper topic ideas and you'll be prosperous. If you are experiencing problems become started with a fantastic concept, we've spent some time organizing topic ideas you will have the ability to use on the next research paper assignment. If you select a good topic, it is going to be a good deal simpler to compose your paper. There are numerous research paper topics and suggestions for your consideration. The Lost Secret of School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics If more a wonderful solution exists. A solution essay presents an issue, describes what the writer thinks is the ideal solution to the issue, and then supports their selection of solution. Now you understand how to compose a problem solution essay, therefore it's time to begin your work. When you're writing a problem solution essay, you are providing a remedy to a particular problem as you see it and as it is apparently logical. Get the Scoop on School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics Before You're T oo Late Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. An opinion essay is written to show the writer's primary idea otherwise called the thesis. You have to understand completely that you're not writing a descriptive essay. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. If you must write only 1 paper at the conclusion of the period, you can breathe out since you are blessed. The outline should include things like the format for the document, and its content structure. It will help you organize your work in that you are now able to know where to write your introduction, content, and conclusion. In case you're struggling with problem solution essay topics for your university, take a look at the list below and you'll definitely find something to your liking. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that y ou wind up getting an excellent grade. For some of them you will require help, while others it is possible to write all on your own. The issue, nevertheless, is that often terminally ill folks aren't capable of ending their life in a painless, dignified fashion, and thus require the assistance of a relative of close friend. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Getting in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. Problem solution essay writing may be special challenge. To compose an effective Problem Solution Essay, you should spend some moment. Problem solution essay is among the most popular academic assignments. Writing a problem solution essay appears to be an overwhelming task if you're not prepared well. For some students, a collection of topic is the easiest part. So no wonder that all these people become stuck when they're requested to compose a research paper with a controversial topic. You are needed to write a minumum of one research paper in a semester for most the subjects. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of routine student life. As soon as you have chosen a topic, you may want to make an outline to help yourself decide what topics you will speak about in your paper. You require a topic you understand well or something you understand about. You don't want to have the topic that you decide to sound immature. Follow ing that, you'll need to tell a little bit about the topic you've picked.

Interview Responses Bible Studies - 949 Words

Interview Responses For this exercise, I interviewed three of my friends including Alex, Grace, and James. Below, I offer their responses to the questions I asked. Question: How long are the days in Genesis 1? Why? Alexs Response The days were ordinary-length days, i.e. they were basically 24-hour days. The Bible clearly states that God made both heaven and earth in six days. If the days were in any way longer than 24 hours, the Bible would have stated so explicitly. Graces Response The six days stated in Genesis 1 are most likely symbolic. Taking the term day literary in this context would be erroneous. This I say because creation (from the Genesis account) was done from a divine (not earthly) perspective. James Response The days were just like the normal days we are used to, i.e. 24 hours. My response in this case is largely based on what is written. Stating otherwise would be contrary to what is written in the Bible. My Response The days in Genesis 1 were not equivalent to 24 hours. It is important to note that depending on the context, the word day could have different meanings. For instance, a day could be used to refer to that period before darkness, a 24-hour period, etc. We cannot therefore assign the term day in Genesis 1 a definitive meaning. In the final analysis therefore, the only thing we can do is speculate as to how long the days in Genesis 1 really were. As Till (1986) observes, neither geology nor astronomy can answer questions aboutShow MoreRelatedPlaying God s Footsteps : Synthetic Biology And The Meaning Of Life1067 Words   |  5 Pagesof synthetic biology is broken?’. The following is a selection of some of the article’s conclusions. The accusation of ‘playing God’ brings God into the picture, but the offended is not God of the Bible, but rather a defied nature. (Peters, 2006) Most concerns are not about challenging God of the Bible, but anthropocentric. As long as the new creations of life are only microbial and does not affect human life, it will probably be considered acceptable. There seems to be boundaries that cannot beRead MoreInterview Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesPost Interview Findings: Dealing with Difficult People I was able to seek out and an experienced Pastor by the name of Bernadine Smith, the Pastor of Kingdom Ministries here in Dayton, Ohio. I must insert she is my Aunt and although I do not attend her ministry currently, has a child and now an adult, she plays a critical role as a spiritual mentor and confidant and extends to me wise and Godly counsel with respect to my school work and life affairs. She has been and continues to be aRead MoreQuantitative Research. Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagessince and assigns numerical values to responses and measure statics. With this said Proverbs, the bible verse, supports that research methods can be Godly. I interpret that verse as meaning that it is important to know and confirm in your mind that you know something, but it is better to research the topic in a biblical since rather thas a secular or worldly since. the glory of kings is researching and becomeing stronger on a topic. Pshycologists often study peoples behavior in how an d why they doRead MoreBiblical Principles For Righteous Living872 Words   |  4 Pagespersonal asset. One must be attentive to explanation, conscious to personal experiences, and applied to the educational material to increase strength in the development of achievement. Theology Explained Personally, theology comprehended to be the study of biblical principles for righteous living. Looking further to getting the correct meaning of theology, Merriam-Webster states it is, â€Å"Learning about faith, and the practice principles and the experiences associated with values.† Another explanationRead MorePersonal Dialogue and Reality: I and Thou by Martin Buber Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesGod as the eternal Thou to my case study of Kay Arthur, I was reminded of a popular Bible study series of hers called â€Å"Having a Real Relationship with God†. In this Bible study series, Kay tackles vital problems briefly through easy-to-grasp lessons that will be beneficial either individually or as part of a group. Every book within the series includes six 40-minute studies intended to lure you into Scripture through a straightforward yet inductive Bible study. Kay sums it up by saying, Rather thanRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Civil War1053 Words   |  5 PagesThere h as been a constant lack of priests, especially in the countrysides, lay people have taken on larger roles in the church (Peterson 1997, 73). When ordinary people are leading ritual and bible study, the church is adapted to the needs of the people. Additionally, close knit groups formed firstly for bible study and religious purposes, but they transformed into groups that ideas of change and reform were shared. It is often easy for one to look at the Salvadorian case and say that the rebels wereRead MoreThe Case For Christ By Lee Strobel1305 Words   |  6 Pagesonce declared atheist, and now Christian, shares how he began to look upon the Bible and God. As an atheist, Strobel lived the life of selfishness and only worried to please himself. When his wife began to go to church he wasn’t very pleased until after he saw the positive and attractive change in her. This is the start of his curiosity and investigation about Christianity. To relate with his wife he decided to study about this and attend church services with her. Strobel interviewed thirteen leadingRead MoreBook Review Spiritual Formation as it the Church MatteredV2 Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesstill grasps the reader’s attention and keeps them wanting more. Wilhoit, while teaching and having dialogue with his students pertaining to their spirituality formative influences which lead to conducting interviews with a number of church leaders, he realized, through these stories and interviews there has been a â€Å"sea of change in our formational structures and their effects will take a generation to fully manifest themselves.(13)† This establishes the basis for writing this book, to make a â€Å"callRead MoreEffect Of Stress On The Human Body1577 Words   |  7 Pagesthreatened or an individual feels that such equilibrium is threatened. The aspects that threaten this equilibrium within ones brain are called stressors and individuals struggle to restore the normal state by coming up with physiological and behavioral responses to that effect (Thoma, La Marca, Brà ¶nnimann, Finkel, Ehlert, Nater, 2013). Within the human body, there are hormones that play a significant role in restoring this balance mainly the neuroendocrinic hormones. For stress to be experienced, the thresholdRead MoreThe Case For Christ By Lee Strobel1411 Words   |  6 PagesChristian, shares how he began to look upon the Bible and God. As an atheist, Strobel lived the life of selfishness and only worried to please himself. When his wife began to go to church he wasn’t very pleased until after he saw the positive and attractive change in her. This is the start of his curiosity and investigation about Christianity. He wanted to understand what changed her like this. He wanted to relate with his wife so he decided to study about this and attend church services with her

Migration, Immigration, and Emigration, and Their Effects Free Essays

Vietnam has a wide variety of religions practiced in their country. Nine point three percent of Vietnams population are Buddhist, six point seven percent are Catholic, One point five percent are Hoa Hao, one point one percent are Cao Dai. Less than one percent are Protestant and Muslim. We will write a custom essay sample on Migration, Immigration, and Emigration, and Their Effects or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though Vietnam has a lot of variety of religions over eighty percent claim no religion (East and Southeast Asia, 2012). Even thought there is a wide variety of religions in Vietnam, most of the people who live there have a sense of the richness and variety of traditional Vietnamese religion. In older tradition the majority of Vietnamese people believed they inhabited a world alive with gods and spirits. They didn’t make a distinction of the living world and the spirit or dead world. They also didn’t make a distinction between the world human beings, nature, vegetable, an animal. the believed that the energy of these worlds are all connected. Because of this religion plays a big part in the daily life of a Vietnamese person. In addition, your social status also affects how and what you believe. or example, Confucian scholars, who prided themselves for their rationality, often scoffed at what they considered the superstitious nature of peasant religion. But they, also had religious believes that they lived by. Where you work also determines what you believe. Fishermen, were notorious for the variety and richness of their beliefs. Some beliefs were shared by all Vietnamese. Others were adhered to only in one region or a small locality. Some were so deeply embe dded in the culture as to be considered a part of tradition, holding sway over believers and non-believers alike. Maybe because of the many religions or the way the Vietnamese people think, religion doesn’t play a big part in their country as a whole, but it does play a big part in the lives of the citizens of Vietnam. Even though, half of the world’s population lives in The Asia region people aren’t migrating to Vietnam (Stephen Castles, 2009). Vietnam is a very traditional country with allot of different ethnic groups. Vietnam is home to fifty-four official ethnic groups, the majority of which live in highland areas. Although some large groups such as, the Cham or Chinese, live in lowlands or urban areas. I will go over a couple of the most known ethnic groups. There are eighty-five point seven percent of the Vietnamese are Kinh, which is said to be the native people of Vietnam. There are one point nine percent Tay people, who originates from the Chinese side of the Vietnamese – Chinese border. One point eight percent are Thai and are from Thailand. One point five percent are Muong which are the people who live in the mountains in Vietnam, and Khmer who come from Cambodia. One point two percent are Mong and they come from Mongolia. Less than one percent are Nung which are considered to be the â€Å"poor† people of Vietnam. The last five point three percent are labeled as other (East and Southeast Asia, 2012). Most people in Vietnam are natives to that land but their ancestors migrated from china long ago. Because of this migration doesn’t play a big part in Vietnams present but it does play a big part in its history. Even though they have been ruled by other countries most of the time, they kept a strong belief in their country and culture. Migration in Asia isn’t a new thing for them. Asians from these regions have been migrating for centuries. But in the 1970s and 1980s, international migration from Asia grew dramatically. The main destinations were North America, Australia, and the oil economies of the Middle East. Since the 1990s, migration within Asia has grown, particularly from less-developed countries with massive labor surpluses to fast-growing newly industrializing countries (Stephen Castles, 2009). In today’s society migration has dropped. The reason for this is the Asian government wanted to control migration and migration rights were limited. They also made migration temporary in that region so people were prohibited to have family reunions. Even though migration has dropped, emigration has risen six percent over the past ten years (Stephen Castles, 2009). There are about 2. 6 million people leaving Asia to look for work. In the 21st century over 6 million Asians are employed outside of their own countries within the Asian region. This has grown a great deal since the 1980s and has helped the Asian region grow. A lot of Asia’s were able to find work in the Middle East after the oil prices rose in 1973. This also contributed to the migration and emigration in Vietnam. The referred to these workers as contract labor. The companies that employed them made it clear that they couldn’t bring family with them. In the 70s most of the works who migrated were male so the men of the house had to leave their families just to find work and provide for them. In the 1980s the economy was growing so rapidly and fertility was declining it cause a strong demand for labor workers. Even though they in Asia, most of the workers aren’t Asian. While existing flows from countries like Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines have continued, new source countries like Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Burma have become more significant (Stephen Castles, 2009). In the 1990s there was a demand for female domestic workers that started in the Middle East and then Asia. If women didn’t work in the domestic sector they often had the â€Å"typical female† jobs. Some examples of these jobs are entertainers(mostly prostitutes), restaurant and hotel staff, and assembly line workers in clothing or electronics. These jobs were poor paying and had terrible conditions. They were also associated with patriarchal stereotypes of female docility, obedience, and willingness to give personal services (Stephen Castles, 2009). Another big form of female migration in Asia is female migration marriage. Since the 1900s, foreign brides have been sought out by farmers in areas likes Japan and Taiwan. This is one of the only permanent forms of immigration in Asia that is permitted. From the Asian government sand point it seem that these practices with women help their country, but it is sexist and will put the government in a terrible situation with women rights groups. The diversity in the religion and culture have shaped the Vietnamese people into who they are today. Even though it doesn’t play a big part in the economy or government, religion is still a big part of the lives of the Vietnamese citizen. The religion is mixed in with their culture which makes the citizens of Vietnam a pride people. With the ever growing Asian economy Vietnam is in a good place to grow also. Even though the country has had allot of adversity, it has overcome it all. In the future maybe they will work on their women’s rights issues and continue to grow its economy. If that is done I have no doubt that the citizens of Vietnam will be happy and the economy will grow. ? How to cite Migration, Immigration, and Emigration, and Their Effects, Essay examples

Case Analysis for Oil Spills free essay sample

One day, Jesse started telling Peter a story of a mysterious loss in one of the raw petrochemicals he receives by pipeline in the 1950s. Since there was no surface or groundwater pollution off the plant property, the plant manager decided to do nothing and not report the states. Tests showed that there is zero concentration of gasoline in the groundwater within 400ft of the surface. Peter recognizes that the state law requires him to report all spills but doesn’t know about spills that happened a long time ago. He tried to convince Jesse that he has to report such a loss. The surface water and 400 feet deep into the groundwater there was zero gasoline concentration. The state law acquires reporting all spills, however the plant manager decided to do nothing. Peter and Jesse agree on the facts but disagree about their relative importance. They have contradicting opinions about the issue. Jesse noted the drawbacks of reporting such a problem to the states and Peter didn’t have good reasons to convince Jesse. Some concepts involved through the issue are risk, confidentiality, environmental health, conflict of interest, and loyalty. First, the company and peters career will be in risk if he reported the oil spill to the state. Second, the engineering law requires confidentiality therefore it is irrelevant that peter report such an issue that is confidential in the company. Third, the tests were only taken 400 feet from the surface of the groundwater, however maybe there is contamination deeper or other marine life were affected. Four, most important concept is the conflict of interest since Peter had to either obey the engineering law that requires confidentiality and neglect his morals or obey the state law and lose his friendship and career. Five, Jesse trusted Peter to keep this mysterious spill between them; he should be loyal to him since they have a trusting relationship. Additionally, Jesse noted that he cannot have a consulting engineer who doesn’t value client loyalty. On the other hand, there are some unknown facts in the issue. According to state law all spills must be reported but what about spills that occurred years ago? Where the effects of spill seem to have dissipated? Is there any gasoline concentration beyond the 400 feet of gasoline? Is the marine life affected by the spill? Will the gasoline contaminate the ground water years later? Who is responsible to take an action for the spill at that time? It seems that there are more unknown facts than facts issued in the case. Although they are high in importance, the fact that this oil spill occurred a long time ago (1950s) might reduce its importance. From the case it is obvious that Jesse didn’t give Peter the chance to explain his situation which is a wrong action. Moreover, Jesse rushed in showing his disappointment in Peter. - So What? Impact In this case the affected parties are company, Peter, and Jesse. Each of them has different consequences that might have a negative effect on them. If the oil spill has been reported, the company will be in bad situation against the government and it has to re-open the file to make a re-check over that region which means spending useless dollars, a lot of time and Suspension of work of the planet for a while till the checking is done. Peter will do what his job requires him to do; however, he will put his job in the company, his career life and his promotion in risk. Jesse’s job will be in risk too since a leak of a confidential information has been through him and the relation between Jesse and Peter will no longer stay based on trust neither loyalty and arise enmity between them. If the spill has not been reported, no one will be affected and the case will be closed as before. Jesse and the company will be satisfied and Peter might get a faster promotion; however, peter will feel guilty because of his personal integrity that tells his to report the spill and follow the codes he is supposed to follow under stresses and loads of his role. Based on Code of ethics: AIChE code (for chemical engineering): * â€Å"Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public in performance of their professional duties. † This code states that safety comes as priority which requires a spill report to ensure the safety and health of the public that the spill does not affect the underground water or a marine life there. * â€Å"Accept responsibility for their actions and recognize the contributions of others; seek critical review of their work and offer objective criticism of the work of others. This code requires the company to accept the re-check because it has to take responsibility for their action of not reporting the spill in 1950’s. The company would saved a lot if this spill was reported before and this case will not be shown in first place. * Act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and avoid conflicts of interest. This case shows an obvious conflict of int erest between whither Peter to report the spill or act as if he didn’t know about it because of the relation between him and Jesse. On the other hand, by reporting the spill, the code involves confidentiality and the information that Peter got is very confidential to the company. So what to do? Report the spill or not? This is the question! - Now What? – reaction What are the possible solution for this case ? a- Peter reports the spill directly to the government because the state law requires him to report all spills. In this case Peter is taking a risk because he doesn’t know if the government will take an action or just review the previous check reports and consider it as a past. Moreover, his career life will be in danger and he will lose his job. b- Peter doesn’t report the spill, act as if the story hasn’t been told because of codes of ethics that requires confidentiality, continue his career life in the company and get the promotion. In addition, his relation with Jesse will stay strong and this might lead him to better position in the company. c- Peter might discus this situation with the company and request for a check as a regular check for that region to ensure that the chemical level in the underground water is zero for more than 400 feet. The result will determine what the company should do. If the level is zero the company will be in the safe side but if it’s not Peter should discuss the next step with the company itself rather than reported directly. Solution C is the best solution because it doesn’t affect any parties in a bad way and it satisfies win-win solution since this solution is the best for all. Peter will keep his job, relation with Jesse and the promotion. Jesse will keep his job also and the company will not be in risk.