The Effects of Computers on Our Everyday Lives

Computers have changed the lives of people’s in many ways. Now sitting in front of the computer, peoples can easily get access to the Internet by a simple click of mouse. Over the entire world 80 percent of people use the Internet every day. On computer people can simply do anything such as, a slide show presentation, a good communication, creating your own assignment, music, or art etc. They can also get a useful information and media on the Internet. For these reason people deeply use computers at places such as schools, hospitals, offices, and at home etc.There are the lots of positive and negative effects of computers. Some of the positive effects are faster communication, an organization of data and information, computerization of tasks, and easier access to the information. Some of the negative effects of computers are human’s break their social interact with friends and families, cause back problem, depression, and poor health. One of the best effects of computer is helping students and workers to complete and ensure of their works. For example, most of the students can easily access to a wealth of information, study online, and translate words or texts on computers.Students can also easily find information for assignment with in a minute by the helping of wireless technology. There are many of social networking site of learning math’s, reading, history and science, and online learning language. And there are also some negative points of computers on learning. For instance, teachers give assignments to students for their knowledge but some students didn’t do by themselves they just research on net and do copy paste from the site and then they submit their assignment to the teacher this is not good for them.They should also use their brain. Moreover, computers give many opportunities to meet new people. There are many social networking sites in which people can interact with others as such Facebook, Skype, and my space etc. Whe n people use these sites they reconnect with old friends and classmates. They can share their pictures and songs with their friends. Wireless technology helps people to talk with friends anywhere easily. These are the positives effects of computers.Now negatives effects of computers are its can also damage people relationship with parents and friends by using too much computer, some people misuse pictures, videos of others on social networking sites, and some sites are not good for some kids. In case, a person who spends more time on a computer can also cause back problem, may complain about headaches, and pains in their wrists, arms and necks. These pains are often the result of a fixed position when people using the computer keyboard for a long amount of time. It’s better to take breaks when typing on the computer.Eye and other problems are the most common health complaints of computer users. This kind of health issue comes as no surprise to anyone a person who has worked f or long time periods in front of a computer. Of course, there are so many cause and effects of computer. A person who use computer daily for long time period, make sure you sit with your back straight and lower back should touch the back rest the whole time as well as your legs should bend to the knee. You can also support your back by pillow if needed. Keep your feet on the floor all the time or use something like box if your feet don’t reach at the floor.

Inventory

What problems are facing Erik Peterson? 1. Unclear reporting structure 2. Inventory control 3. Personnel issues: a. Chief Engineer b. Subcontractor c. Employee salary issues d. Conflicts / poor relationships between various positions 4. Lack of clear direction / consistent decisions / communication from corporate 5. Lower level of actual experience from those in higher management 6. Zoning issues 7. Lack of support from corporate regarding local relationships 8. Lack of training for many key positions GMT had originally been targeted to begin service to subscribers on FebruaryY l, but it was now a month behind target because of several major problems. (Page 1) Instead of reporting to Jenkins, like originally assumed, he was assigned to Jeff Hardy, Cellulose's director of budgets and plans. Hardy had never had any system operating experience, so was unable to offer him any initial advice or guidance that was specific or helpful. Their relationship was somewhat awkward in the beginning because Peterson has never been formally told by either Jenkins or Hardy of the reporting relations hip; it just seemed to have occurred. (Page 3 and 4)The initial construction of cellular towers, performed by a subcontractor, was already several weeks behind schedule and that would never meet the turn-on target. Efforts to get the subcontractor to improve his construction rate failed, and GMT was race vying an increasing number of complaints from local citizens about the way the sub annotator was cutting through privately owned trees and property. (Page 4) CLC Peterson had difficulties with getting his chief engineer, Curt Andrews, to do t he planning and organizing necessary to ensure that equipment and supplies arrived whew n they were needed.Page 4) Peterson discussed this problem with Hardy several times a ND raised it again in Los Angels, button no avail. Curt Andrews had worked his way up an d he had gained a reputation within Cellulose for being technically frustrate. After thro e Of four months in Hanover, Peterson came to realize that Curt did not have either the administrative ability or the prior knowledge needed to start up a brand new operation. (Page e 5) Peterson raised the possibility that Curt be reassigned and replaced by a person who h ad more operating and startup experience; the people he talked with in Los Angel s insisted thatCurt had the potential to handle a startup; all he needed was more coaching and help from Peterson. Furthermore, Cellulose had just relocated Curt and his family fro m Tampa to Hanover and Peterson suspected that the company did not wish to put him the rough another move. (Page 5) Peterson took steps to help Curt improve the planning and coordination. One step he took was to have Curt call weekly construction meetings to which everyone in the o organization was invited. However, Peterson felt that Curt did not become involved enough in t hem; he found himself getting most Of his reposts directly from Curt's two su bordinates ToddJones, supervisor of the radio engineering department, and Mike Delano, supervisor of SMUT'S construction department despite his attempts to get Curt more actively involve deed. (Page 6) Another step was establishing an inventory control reporting system; but gaga n Peterson found that Curt resisted the effort. Peterson continued to have difficulty getting Eng these reports from Curt completed on time. Peterson suspected that Curt was somehow re sinful that Peterson did not trust him implicitly.The inventory control problem became s o great that on two occasions GMT ran short of the radios that were required to equip cell is e; if the radio installation team ran out of radios during the installation process the entire p recess had to be set up all over again, wasting valuable time and money. One these two cocoas ions when Curt did not plan for the radio shipment correctly, Peterson was lucky enough to g et overnight shipping. (Page 6) During this period, Peterson agai n discussed the problems with Curt asking to have him transferred but Hardy was again reluctant to take any cacti on. Page 7) Curt had problems working with Todd Jones. Many of their conflicts were over the selection and specification of antenna equipment. Over time these issues had come so frequent that Todd told Peterson on several occasions that he felt he was beet ere qualified than Curt and that he wanted Curt's job. (Page 7) Curt also had several problems w irking with Melissa Mizzen, Peterson secretary. Most of the arguments between Curt an d Melissa were over errors in applications prepared by Curt, but typed by Melissa. Peterson s suspected that Curt resented having his errors pointed out by a woman. Page 7) 0 Jim Weston, a earldom college graduate, who was brought in as director of marketing was an aggressive and ambitious man who Often rubbed people the wrong ay in his hurry to et things done. Jims market plans were not detailed enough and they require deed careful review . (Page 7) Tremor Burns, a roadside college graduate was hired to run the customer seer vice department. Tremor had many ideas, some of which were impractical and his constant flow of new ideas eventually became a problem for everyone, including Todd Jones a ND even Peterson himself; Peterson had to talk to Tremor about it.Tremor and Curt so n developed problems working with one another; Peterson believed that some of these did faculties occurred because of the many suggestions Tremor made about equipment selection an d procedures. The relationship between Tremor and Curt had become quite strained, Peters on suspected that some of these difficulties may have been caused by Curt's defensiveness over not having a college degree, and his resulting annoyance at Tremor's constant flow of critic schisms and suggestions. (Page 7) Peterson promoted his secretary, Melissa, to manager of Accounting and Cacti ovations In February with a raise in her salary.Cellulose headquarters thought that t he resulting increase over her previous salary was excessive and Los Angels only approve d an increase that was 20% less than what Peterson had originally offered to her. Peterson f let that Melissa and he knew the quality of her work had suffered as a result. (Page 8) D Peterson had offered Tremor the job at a competitive salary that Tremor had AC accepted. Todd Jones, who was making 25% less, learned about the amount of Tremor's salary and complained at the difference. Peterson had to discuss the problem with Trove r to let him know that his salary had become known within the company.Tremor voluntarily Off red to accept a salary cut of 20%, knowing that he had to learn some of the technical aspects of the cellular industry from Todd and Curt. (Page 8) Cellulose headquarters had delayed in making several key decisions and ha d several changes in equipment originally specified. As a result of these delays, Cellulose m's prime supplier of radios could not deliver on time, and Cellulo se had to go to an a Iterate source whose equipment was later found to be defective, thereby requiring renegotiate action with the first supplier.Headquarters had made a change in the power supply ratings in Deck ember which Hardy did not inform Peterson of until January. Thus the equipment that GUM T had in inventory could not be used and additional design changes had to be made. T 0 further implicate the situation, headquarters made a subsequent decision in January y to have all power supplies include backup batteries, rather than the generator system the at had originally been specified; the new power supplies did not arrive until the end of February y, (Page 8 and 9) Peterson constantly has a problem with his inability to get either support or CLC ear direction from Hardy.The one suggestion Hardy made, involved marketing to as many customers on the system as possible, but he did not have a set plan or action to do so. (Page Hardy's four visits to Hanover had been characterized a s â€Å"nitpicking' without r solution of any of the major problems that Peterson felt he had to deal with. (Page 9) Pet errors suspected that some of Hardy's indecisiveness was caused by Hardy's uncertain relation ship with his own boss, Rice Jenkins, and his little operating experience in cellular. Page 9) CLC Hardy and Peterson did not agree on how to handle the local governments, el adding Peterson to renegotiate with the local fire department after he solidified the p Ian to use the fire department's communication tower as a GMT cell site in a neighboring town . Hardy was too concerned with the budget and ROI, and not with the benefits that Cellulose and the public would get from this deal. (Page 12) Peterson felt somewhat uncomfortable in his relationships with both Cantor a ND Green because of an encounter he had had with them during his orientation period.Peterson did not care for Green's imperious and egotistical manner and feels a distinct dislike f or him. When Peterson challenges Cantor's statements, he finds she becomes agitated and visibly upset. (Page 12 and 13) One of the issues Cellulose had was the difficulty GMT was having with the e local utility in getting it to â€Å"make ready† its telephone lines according to the promised such duel. Although the meeting with the local general manager had gone well and he had promise deed better service, the utility continued to fall behind its makers schedule. Page 13) Peterson has a poor supervisor who's unsure of his skills and ability to lead their relationship was â€Å"ambiguous and awkward in the beginning† because Peters on was never informed about the reporting relationship, Hardy failed in giving clear direction n or support to Peterson. Decision making authority and power Peterson is given the responsibility of getting this initiative running, but he does not seem to have the decision making authority to make things happen quickly and efficiently. For example, he needs to get pe rmission to chi angel subcontractors and replace an engineer.No practical experience in industry Peterson cannot successfully lead without proper insight into the industry important positions to get the project off the ground are not able to handle the Eire roles (Curt) Relations to class concepts: 2. What are the underlying causes of these problems? The underlying causes of these problems are there is no communication ammo angst the company and its employees. Many of the employees do not have the proper training and knowledge for the positions they are in and do not put in enough effort, or they believe they are over quail fled than others.L] No one knows who directly to report back to, creating awkward relationships and a bad path of communication. Due to his inexperience (and possible youth) Peterson lacks respect from thou SE he manages. The overall inconsistency, especially in regard to decisions made by upper m management, has led to confusion. In regard to the upper managemen t's view of Curt, they believed that he coo old handle the job based on past performance in different areas (halo effect). Page 5) They also were influenced by the same bias in regard to resisting terminating the contract wit h the subcontractor. The majority of the team, but especially Curt, seems to suffer from excessive individualism. While Peterson did try to increase supervision of Curt and implement regular meetings, this plan may have backfired. It appears to have evoked negative feelings from C rut which have continued to affect his job performance. Perhaps offering him incentives for meeting certain expectations would have been more helpful.No leadership skills with Hardy or Peterson, neither have much experience in area, which leads to lack of confidence because of lack of expertise Lack of communication/direction/ authority between the staff and the WHQL (Peterson cannot handle all hires/ fires/wages on his own without authorization, but is supposed to be the manager) Dec ision making is not in place for the schedule and needs of the project (Deck Sino making tree or other method of planning not in place radios and power supplies short takes or not ordered in time for different steps of the process to take place) Lack of structure and skill sets in roles (Stevens moved from customer service over to do construction coordination, has a degree in social work) Confidential info was disclosed (salary info) so morale and relationships are n to as they should be in an office environment How effective has Peterson been in taking charge of the Hanover Startup, in t arms of managing the new operation and of providing leadership? Peterson has been effective in taking charge and turning around Hanover star tap so it will be ready in time for turn-on date.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

I love all different kinds of food. There are a lot of places to go sit and have a nice family dinner or a dinner date with the boyfriend. The best friend also loves to dine in at a small restaurant out in Sturtevant. Its small but the breakfast is very good there. I love to eat but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t think anyone does really. Food now days have gotten us so overweight with all the fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There are so many different types of restaurants to choose from you can eat different ethnic foods all over the U.S. Mexican restaurant One of my favorites! The enchilada dinner plate is so good. It comes with three enchiladas, rice, beans, sour cream and guacamole. You can go to a authentic restaurant and get some really good ones. The green ones are much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good. They also make beef sirloin tip burritos that are also very good. Made with beans, cheddar cheese and beef tips. They make the burritos pretty big and you can get full of off just one. I would recommend going here to try their Mexican food. Italian Restaurant It’s always nice to have a little pizza sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so well together. My daughter usually orders the spaghetti and I always tell her that if she wants spaghetti we could have just stayed home and I could have made it for her. I think she likes to slurp up the noodles and then wipes away the sauce left on her face with her shirt sleeve. But she loves it and it’s cute to see her eat the spaghetti. American restaurant Steak with sautà ©ed mushrooms and A
sauce with a cold cherry pepsi sound really good right about now. I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I like it medium rare which is not so common for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is not pink anymore. When I was younger I would get my steaks well done, until my first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer. I immediately fell in love with the first bite. I now order them medium rare, with sautà ©ed mushrooms, a loaded baked potatoe and a cherry pepsi. No more overly cooked steaks which is so hard to chew. Think I’ll be going to get that steak sooner than later.

Jobs Roles In Latin America Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jobs Roles In Latin America - Article Example Graduates in Latin America are earning an average salary of approximately $60000-90000 per year. Other engineering roles include chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and civil engineering. Those entering an engineering job must have an engineering degree from a credible university. Furthermore, they must be approved by the engineering board. In addition, they must have an experience which varies with the country. This is significant in ensuring that they can be able to deliver high quality services. Countries with the most engineering jobs include Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Peru. With the entry of the internet in the market, the number of computer programmers has increased tremendously. More firms are in need of various programs, an aspect that has increased the demand for the programmers. A computer programmer is required to have an IT degree. Although some employers require a bachelor degree in IT, some hire individuals based on their experience with an associate degree or certificate (Farr & Shatkin 2014). However, if one is planning to apply for a job in healthcare industry, it is advisable to expand the knowledge of that industry. Furthermore, specific programming languages are important. It is important for one to have experience, especially in a specialized field like computer programming. The computer sector is changing very fast. Therefore, being a programmer means that one has to keep on upgrading the education (Farr & Shatkin 2014). Countries with a high number of computer programmers include Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina. The business growth has been on an upward trend. To become a management consultant, one need to have an undergraduate degree in any business related course. Unlike other technical courses such as engineering, management consultant is a career that does not require specific skills. The skills varying depending on the service that one will offer. The experience required for one to become a

The History of the Lands across the Atlantic 1440 1820 Research Paper

The History of the Lands across the Atlantic 1440 1820 - Research Paper Example The Portuguese chronicler, Azarura identifies that there were nearly 1,000 African slaves in Portugal by 1446. He was the head of the royal library. In his account of events in The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, he gave a vivid account of the separation of African slaves from their families during one of such journeys. He said of the Africans: â€Å"faces bathed in tears †¦ others stuck their faces with the palms of their hand, throwing themselves upon the ground† However, this kind of activity was not seen as cruelty. Rather, the Portuguese saw it as an opportunity to 'civilize' the Africans and introduce them to Christianity. The Portuguese government-sponsored explorations of new lands across Africa. This was done through a school of navigators that was funded by the Royal government of Portugal. Also, there were private interests because the Portuguese Crown promised the monopoly and control of new lands discovered by private sailors to the individ uals who found them. Some of the notables were Prince Henry the Navigator. The main commodities the Portuguese sailors sought was ivory, gold, spices, and slaves. Prince Henry, who was a notable royal and sailor explored the African coastline as far as Senegal and Sierra Leone by 1460. In 1469, Fernando Gomes discovered the island of Sao Tome which is 350 miles away from the African coast. In 1471, the Portuguese landed in Elmina, now part of Ghana. They moved further to the Benin Kingdom which is now a part of Nigeria.

Akashi- Kaikyo bridge (Pearl bridge), Japan Research Paper

Akashi- Kaikyo bridge (Pearl bridge), Japan - Research Paper Example The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is known in Japan as the Pearl Bridge. Before the bridge became operational, the people had to mainly depend on ferry services to travel between the islands. The ferry travel was uncertain and rather dangerous as the area often experienced powerful winds, storms and typhoons, and horrible ferry mishaps did occur. Heeding to the public outrage that followed the sinking of two ferries in 1955, causing the death of 168 people - a majority of them children, the Japanese government undertook the construction of this bridge in 1988. Another reason for building the Akashi Kaikyo bridge, which was approved in the 1969 comprehensive Japan national development plan, was to promote local trade and assist the industrial development of the region. Together with another major suspension bridge namely, the Ohnaruto suspension bridge, completed in 1995 and connecting Shikoku Island with the southern end of Awaji Island, the economy of Awaji Island which is the sixth largest island in Japan, was expected to improve considerably. Although the construction of the bridge was prioritised following the ferry disaster in 1955 and feasibility studies began soon thereafter, the actual construction could only begin in 1988 as the process was a difficult one. The Akashi Strait is four kilometres wide and where bridge was proposed to be built, the sea was 110 metres deep, with tidal currents of 4.5 metres per second. The problems of bridge design related firstly to the severe weather conditions existing in the Akashi Strait, such as strong winds (wind speeds of 80 metres per second), and even typhoons.

Literal Analysis Of Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literal Analysis Of Vietnam War - Essay Example The items these soldiers carried were only the necessary things they required for their safety and survival in the battlefield. These include can openers, pocketknife, the certificate showing that they had gone through heavy military training; mosquito nets that protected them from diseases such as malaria, which was common in the area, and cigarettes. Other essential items they carried were middle size cans of water, chewing gums, a first aid box, and sewing kits. Surprisingly, these items were roughly fifteen to twenty pounds, which depended on the soldiers’ normal metabolism rate. All these stuff were supposed to be carried to every place the soldiers went. It was a person’s own mistake if he forgot the baggage behind, for he will face the challenges ahead alone. The items the soldiers carried were many, but everything in the bag was necessary and had a purpose. This shows that challenges the soldiers faced could not be reduced or stopped since each problem was †˜necessary’ and they had to face it whether they liked it or not. They had no choice of choosing which problem to face, similar to the items in the bags, which were all essential and missing one item could cause a weighty problem to a soldier. The metaphor for the items carried in the baggage is clearly seen. The soldiers accepted the challenges knowing that it was just for them to face them. Therefore, they had to prepare their mind and emotions for the future challenges that were yet to come, so that they will not be surprised.... This shows that challenges the soldiers faced could not be reduced or stopped, since each problem was ‘necessary’ and they had to face it whether they liked it or not. They had no choice of choosing which problem to face, similar to the items in the bags, which were all essential and missing one item could cause a weighty problem to a soldier. The metaphor for the items carried in the baggage is clearly seen. The soldiers accepted the challenges knowing that it was must for them to face them. Therefore, they had to prepare their mind and emotions for the future challenges that were yet to come, so that they will not be surprised. Analysis on the Act of Carrying the Bag When this bag was full of items they required, they carried it to any place they went, and during the wartime, they were placed at a secure place until the war had ended. The act of carrying the baggage, which was habitually heavy, shows the intensity of the challenges and difficulties they had to bear. Th e weight of the items in the baggage was the main challenge of those bags, and yet they had to carry them to all places. The burdens they went through were exceptionally heavy for a person to bear and they required some counseling and rest. Unfortunately, there was nobody to give them consoling piece of word, and provide time to relax. Most of the time, they were on their feet carrying the heavy baggage and fighting materials as they adverse towards the battlegrounds. The act of carrying this heavy baggage symbolizes the weight of the challenges they faced which at some point was unbearable to carry. Some of the soldiers decided to run away because of the amount and intensity of the war. Therefore, analyzing the weight of the baggage shows how

Case Project Assignemnts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Project Assignemnts - Assignment Example The project entailed performing the following instructions as stated in the task details. In this particular section, Adobe Acrobat version 8.0 was used given that the version 6.0 and 7.0 has been rendered obsolete for higher versions of windows. The snapshots below showcase the procedure: The procedure requires saving the file in a PDF version that is later opened by the adobe acrobat software. Once this is done the subsequent procedures are showcased below to aid in the creation of a digital certificate key. Experience and Findings: The course of generating a personal digital certificate is relatively simple given the instructive procedure displayed in the coursework assignment. Adobe Acrobat 8.0 pro avails the features for creating a digital certificate quite easily and ensuring its security by storing it on the Windows certificate store. Additionally, managing the certificates has been made easier by the available personal certificate management feature on the acrobat file setting dialogue box. The project entails the exchange of public keys and e-mail messages with your colleagues. The procedure requires the installation of the PGP desktop encryption client which is readily available in the website – pgp.com. Please make sure you have outlook configured and connected to a Microsoft exchange server before implementing the PGP. Experience and Findings: The PGP program provides an easy install and configuration dialogue box that easily connects to the Microsoft outlook program to enable you encrypt your files and informative data alike emails sent within an organization. The assistant console helps one generate keys easily and that can be emails to classmates, recipients or colleagues as can be viewed on the above dialogue box option. Intrusion detection systems provide the needed support for system administrators to efficiently

Can 'local food' ever really be local Why is it significant that Literature review

Can 'local food' ever really be local Why is it significant that 'local' is actually local - Literature review Example The question for this literature review is to define whether local food is actually local and if it is, to define the significance as to the difference between local foods and other types. Agro-Food Geography Alternative food networks have become important in recent years because consumers want to make sure they are getting the best quality of food they can get. Many supermarkets have turned to irradiated foods to preserve their shelf life. Unfortunately, no one really knows whether this food is creating health problems or not. Because of the emphasis on health, some people have worried about whether their produce should be irradiated and whether it is healthy. Instead, they have turned to organic produce. Although buying organic is sometimes more expensive, it does give the public a feeling that they are getting high quality food that is not riddled with harmful pesticides. In the rural areas of Europe, the idea of foods that are aesthetically pleasing to eat and that taste good hav e become a great concern (Sage, 2001). The concept of "social embeddedness" is important to this discussion because it is what connects consumers to the society that they are connecting to. The society understands that they can be sustainable by purchasing local food and by involving themselves in growing their won food. To begin to understand the growing alternative food market, it is important to examine how food and nature come together. Winter (2005) suggests that in rural parts of the country, there are many ways to use alternative food. Many opportunities exist for food to be brought in from rural areas to the supermarkets so that consumers have more opportunity to purchase good food. Watts, Ilbery and Maye (2005) suggest that local markets are important because farmers need to have a better share of the market. Local markets are very important to the economy because when people use these markets they are able to have better food it would seem. However, how do we know that bet ter food is more nutritional and better tasting than other foods? This research will attempt to explore this issue and understand why people are so involved with local food products. Consumer Demand for Local Food In the last several years, the emphasis around the world has been on health. Most people have returned to a lifestyle that includes regular exercise and eating healthier. Many believe that going to markets that provide local food is better than going to supermarkets because they can find organic foods. Usually organic food means that it is free of harmful pesticides and has a more flavourful taste than food from a regular supermarket. Adams and Salois (2010) state that the movement towards locally grown food has become a sort of movement as people began to change their perception of the different types of food they could consume. The organic and local markets began as an alternative to other types of food and it has grown into a demand for local food. Much of this is becau se people have changed their perceptions of what this type of food meant. The idea that this has become a movement is supported by the fact that there have been a series of books about how to use local food and why it should be bought. In fact, this has become such a movement that the word "locavore" has been coined to mean people who prefers local foods (it has even become a part of the New Oxford English Dictionary) (Adams and Salois 2010). Community supported gardens and

ASSIGNMENTREADING SKILL PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ASSIGNMENTREADING SKILL - PowerPoint Presentation Example Since she can afford to spend more on her food and "tube", we can assume she has some back-up financial arrangement to fall back upon in case of need. Moreover, she had been doing this job out of curiosity and adventure instead of a real need; therefore it would be safe to think she was leading a comfortable life outside the hotel. 4(b) The dissatisfaction among the workers at the hotel was at its peak. The employees were under-paid and never happy with their wages. They had reservations about unpaid hours and little bonuses as they were hardly making both ends meet. There were also concerns about the nature of job they were doing as most of them would not want to perform the toilet-cleaning and similar kind of chores. 5 I think both writers have given a balanced picture of life on the minimum wage. Article 1 gives the experiences of people coming from different backgrounds; nevertheless they are working under the same roof and leading their lives in the same city. The general economic and social environment is same for the whole set of people and all of them are getting the same "minimum wage". Furthermore, the writer has not compared the situation to other countries. Similarly in the second article, the writer has compared the situation in different countries but in the similar economic conditions.

The American Indian and the Problem of Culture Essay Example for Free

The American Indian and the Problem of Culture Essay The Native Americans are perhaps the most culturally storied and richly diversified culture in the America. Indeed, the historical narrations of the Indian culture, way of life and lifestyle are narrated as rich in strife, struggle as well as triumph. In fact, a majority of the modern ways of life and lifestyle in the United States are directly or indirectly inherited or borrowed from the ancient Indian cultures of centuries ago. Yet, most Americans take for granted the many familiar symbols that trace their origin from the Native Indian Americans. The purpose of this paper is to describe the culture of the American Indians. The American Indians used various symbols that interwove the tapestry of their lifestyle. Integral symbols such as the totem pole, the teepee, the moccasins and the peace pipe formed a special cultural trait of the American Indians life (Barrett, 2004). Native animals and plants as houses and weather had a special cultural relationship with the American Indians. For instance, the American Indians revered animals for spiritual believes and ties in spite of their hunting practices. Animal hides and skins made drums and clothes while the meat was preserved and never wasted to nourish the community. The American Indians believed that the spirit of the animals killed lived through the community by inhabiting the tribe’s minds. The American Indians cultivated and later harvested various plants for different reasons and seasons such as making blankets and dyes (Biolsi Martin, 1989). Weather elements bore cultural meanings, attachments and endearments to the community, as well. For instance, the American Indians believed that the sun and the rain were supernatural powers and represented a change in the Indian’s seasons. Totem poles formed a special part of the America Indian’s culture (Hallowell, 1957). For instance, they believed that every person’s spirit in the community was attached to particular animal’s spirit. Therefore, the community believed that, at death, a person’s spirit was absorbed by his or her attached animal to live on or regenerate as another person at birth. As a tall and large wooden carving, the totem pole was framed to represent various animals with a certain animal representing a cherished but deceased member of the family. Today, it is easy to observe a dangling dream catcher hanged from rearview mirrors on cars driving in the United States’ roads. However, people rarely know or acknowledge the significance of the dream catchers. Indeed, this symbol traces back to the Lakota tribe’s legendary stories (Hallowell, 1957). It is a symbol of holding onto dearest things in a person’s life. In addition, the perforated holes in a dream catcher serve to filter ill feelings and thoughts. Another Interesting aspect of the American Indian’s culture is smoke signaling. The American Indians used smoke signals to send and relay messages over long distances and bore a proud heritage amongst the American Indians. The American Indians also believed in spirits and depended on them for the well being and nourishment of the society (Barrett, 2004). Spirits were tied to various outcomes in the society such as bumper harvest, natural disasters and tragedies and community health. As a result, the spirits were kept pleased to see to the survival and good harvest in the tribe. Sacrifices and offerings were made at sacred places to the spirits. For instance, the Pueblo tribes regarded various plants as sacred while the Aztecs offered human sacrifices to appease the spirits. References Barrett, C. A. (2004). American Indian culture. Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Press. Biolsi, T., Martin, C. (1989). The American Indian and the Problem of Culture. American Indian Quarterly, 13(3), 261. Hallowell, A. I. (1957). The Impact of the American Indian on American Culture. American Anthropologist, 59(2), 201-217. Source document

Road to IELTS General Training Essay Example for Free

Road to IELTS General Training Essay A guide for effective letter writing; an article giving advice for Job interviews Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters giving advice Practice exercises for compositions discussing arguments for and against Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Unit 3: Travel, tourism transport Words: Phrases to talk about traffic-related problems and solutions; words and about a tribe of Native Americans Page | 1 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Reading: A brochure about the quickest way to get from Heathrow Airport to central London; an article about backpacking Writing (1): Practice exercises for letters asking for information Writing (2): Practice exercises for compositions giving an opinion Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for taking part in a discussion in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Unit 4: Environment Words: Words and phrases to talk about environmental problems and geographical features Listening: A conversation about adopting a zoo animal; a lecture about the structure of the Earth Reading: An article about making plastic; an article about a danger to a variety of birds Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for writing letters of complaint Practice exercises for compositions discussing the causes of a problem and suggesting solutions Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for answering general questions about yourself in Part 1 of the Speaking Test Unit 5: Art culture Words: Words and phrases to talk about art, cinema, theatre and national treasures Listening: A telephone conversation about booking theatre tickets; a lecture on the history of British cinema Reading: A catalogue from a book store; an article discussing tourist information for Bath, in southwest England Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters giving information Pr actice exercises for compositions exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Test Page | 2 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Unit 6: Mass Media Words: Words and phrases to talk about television, newspapers and Jobs in the media Listening: A talk given by a guide to visitors to a media museum; a conversation about news consumption Reading: A brochure about SummerSkill Sydney; an article about the press Writing (1): Practice exercises for writing letters saying thank you Writing (2): Practice exercises for compositions discussing arguments for and against Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for taking part in a discussion in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Words: Words and phrases to talk about medical conditions and symptoms; food- elated vocabulary; words to talk about the causes, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases Listening: A talk about keeping healthy in winter; a conversation about insects and human diseases Reading: An article about keeping your teeth healthy; an article about food and health myths Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters of apology Practice exercises for compositions g iving an opinion Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for answering general questions about yourself in Part 3 of the Speaking Test Unit 8: Work business Words: Verbs we use at work and words and phrases to talk about a variety of work- related issues Listening: A talk about writing a CY, a conversation about changes in womens employment Reading: A brochure about working at a funfair; an article about the first ball Page | 3 www. ClarityEnglish. com Clarity Language Consultants Ltd, 2009 Writing (1): Writing (2): Practice exercises for letters of application Practice exercises for compositions discussing the causes of a problem and suggesting solutions Speaking: Video clips and practice exercises for talking about a topic in Part 2 of the Speaking Test Unit 9: Society ; social issues Words: Words and phrases to talk about social issues and crime and punishment Listening: A telephone conversation between a student and a campus security officer about a burglary; a lecture about old age and society Reading: An article about Neighbourhood Watch schemes; an article about changes in life expectancy Writing (1): Writing (2): Speaking: Revision exercises for Writing Task 1 Revision exercises

All My Sons as a Tragedy

All My Sons as a Tragedy All My Sons is an American play, set in a typical, suburban town in the backyard of a family home. The Kellers are a family who live a life of tension and un-realistic aspirations after losing a son at war. As the Kellers try to live a normal life they are left struggling when they are left to face dealing with the consequences of their actions these lead to the central tragedies of the play. Chris Keller is an honourable man, a man who tries to see the good in people, a man of war. His father, Joe Keller is a chief character who is about three things: Business, money and making a profit. However, Joe Keller is a family man above all else, and has sacrificed everything, including his honour. Nonetheless, he must face up to what he has done and with these actions he must step forward into an inevitable future. Throughout the play the character introduce familiar faces, hard situations, memories both bitter and sweet, the first example of this is the morning after the thunderstorm, the Kellers awaken to their memorial tree, has been torn down (which was planted in memory of Larry after he was lost at war). This gives the Keller family a rude awakening that Larry is probably gone forever; this is a tragic realisation for most of the Kellers. Obviously the main tragedies in this play include the horrendous crime that Joe Keller committed, killing many pilots which included the unfortunate murder of his son. This is a realisation that soon occurs to Keller which unavoidably leads to his Suicide. In regardless of Joe Keller being such a family man, he had caused such deceit not only to his family and to him self, but people all around him. He had caused too much deceit and hurt that he could no longer deal with blood left on his hands. Regardless of these actions, Joe Keller was once a poor man, a poor man with a big dream. And in some ways he is a fine example of what conquering the American Dream stands for. Yet, when he reached to the top his money obsession continued. He ultimately became power hungry, a man fixated and possessed by the mere thought of money and business. He became a man who murdered dozens and a man who took advantage by using the death and destruction of the war as an excuse for making more money. The only question is was he really making it for his family, or was he just making it for himself? This is something that his son, Chris would by no means would or even think about doing, I Didnt want to take any of it Chris Keller is a man who would never take money, let alone blood money from anyone. Chris is just a simple guy that believes that greed can destroy lives, and in his fathers case, it did exactly that. Joe and Chris Keller may be father and son; nevertheless they are still particularly diverse from each other. Chris is an optimistic man, he is a romantic and idealistic. Everything in Chriss mind is wonderful and faultless. His father on the other hand is a practical man. He is sensible and thinks only about the important things in life e.g. money and his family. As protagonists and father and son they are inescapably much alike and this leads to tension and confrontation. Both the Keller men both have short tempers; this is a quality that brings anger and constant anxiety and strain to the play. Chris has always looked up to his father, he always saw him as the sole provider, the protector and the hero in his life. In Chriss eyes Joe Keller fought against the court of law, to prove his innocence. However and unknowingly, when behind the shadows of all this, lingers deceit when family friend Steve Deever is sent to prison for tragic crime he did not commit, he was sent to prison for something Joe Keller did. In many ways, I think Joe Keller is in denial about the situation. I believe he fought so hard to try and prove his pretend innocence that he almost convinced himself and wife Kate that he did nothing wrong and that he is innocent. I believe that he lied in the way he did due to his fear of people finding out the truth, especially Chris and also because he was frightened to lose all his power. If Chris was to discover the truth Keller would no longer be able to live with him self. The idea of killing one son and losing another was almost never an option Keller wouldnt even have contemplated on doing. Because he spent so long building his business empire he was terrified to lose not only that. But the love and respect from his only other son. Chris and Joes relationship in all means ended up deteriorated and this some ways is the central tragedy, a father who loses two sons because of his own mistakes and greed. Thats what a war does. I had two sons, now I got one. It changed all the tallies. In my day when you had sons it was an honour. This quote is ironic, the way Keller says Thats what war does he seems to be so in denial that he seems to be blaming the war, when he is the reason his son dies. Joes character mentions only having one son left, but even Chris begins to drift away from his father; Sometimes you infuriate me, you know that? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You have such a talent for ignoring things. Chris seems to have unknowingly stunned Keller by saying this, the word ignore implies that Keller is fully aware of what exactly has been going on and he is ignoring his past as if nothing had even happened in the first place. The relationship between Chris and his father seems to allow the audience to understand how the two of these characters think and interact not only with each other but other characters in the play also. Joe Keller is a man who believes he owes nothing to anyone other than himself and family, however as Chris served in the war he believes in a superior responsibility to humanity, he likes to help people, make people feel good about themselves. This illustrates the completely parallel characteristics that Keller and Chris have. The relationship Joe and Chris Keller share is diverse throughout, as father and son they joke and butt heads from time to time. But as Chris discovers the dark past his father has hidden, he is in utter shell shock. Not only has this man killed dozens of pilots, he killed his own son and left an innocent man rotting in a jail cell. As this tragic truth began to sink into Chriss mind and no matter what Keller had to say for himself, to Chris this no longer matters. Its not enough to be sorry. I think because Keller was such a businessman, that Chris in some ways felt that his fathers job seemed almost more important to him than Chris, but Chris was still a priority. So when Chris found that that his brother was murdered by his own father for business, this was the final straw. The cats in that alley are practical; the bums who ran away when we were fighting were practical. . . But now Im practical, and I spit on myself. Im going away. Im going now. Everyday three of four men never come back and he sits back there doing business. . . This quote suggests quite clearly that Chris is disgusted at the fact that all those men died because of his father and it seems utterly insane that Keller was able to sit back and continue to run his business as everyday men were dying because of his father. To conclude, Chris and Joe Kellers relationship contribute to the central tragedies of the play in a massive way. It proves that just because two people are related and share the same blood, does not mean they are compatible. And asks the question, do we really know our family? Chris spent years look up to his hero of a father, however towards the end of the play Chriss utter disappointment, aversion and almost hatred for Keller becomes apparent. This consequently leads to Kellers revelation, Then what is this if it isnt telling me Sure, he was my son. But I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were, I guess they were. This then leads to the final tragedy of the play, Kellers abrupt suicide.

Roles in ESL Education :: essays research papers

Article Review Discourse and Real-Life Roles in the ESL Classroom   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suggestions have been made (DiPietro, as cited in DiPietro J. R., 1981) as to how the ESL/EFL teacher can provide diverse learner personalities with strategically oriented material. Students get the chance to practice discourses in classroom settings but not always in the same way that the learners will use in real-life interactions. This article proposes a categorization for different roles of English learners in the classroom. The author established three types of roles: social, emotive, and maturational. He believes that through a multidimensional model of dialogue, some exercises can be developed and implemented in the classroom to lead these second language learners to role play in simulated natural setting while acquiring knowledge of the grammatical structure of English.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author points out three main ways to incorporate role-playing in the classroom; social, emotive, and maturational. What he means by this is that as English learners children must also learn the many different roles they will come across once they are ‘mainstreamed’. A social role for example would be that of vendor/customer, employer/employee, or taxi driver/customer, just to name a few. An example of an emotive role would be that of a friend or rival, a role that could potentially be sensitive or touchy. Finally, maturational would define those roles that we learn as we grow up or mature. Some examples of maturational roles are mother/daughter, adult/adult, or child/child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author’s main point is that â€Å"We teachers should provide our students with enough English (a) to recognize the role-intentions of others, and (b) either to complement those roles or to counter them with personally-desired ones†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many possible ways to incorporate these role-playing ideas into the classroom. One idea that came to mind would be to do what I call ‘ Script Mix Up’. The idea is to write up a type of script in social, emotive, or maturational style. Then mix what the characters are saying around on a sheet of paper that will be passed out to students. Have them come up to the board and write these in the correct order. This activity not only makes them have to interact with one another to come up with the right choice, but it will make students have to think about what is the right order of conversation in different situations. Another possible activity that the author states is interactional games.

Louis XIV and Peter The Great Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Absolute rulers like Louis xiv and Peter the Great strengthened there countries butweakened them economically. They made great improvements to the armies and social aspects of the kingdom. But when they were improving all of these things it ended up costing them a great deal of money. Was it good to have a great army and government if everyone had no money? Absolutism is a political theory holding that all power should bevested in one ruler or other authority. Both Louis xiv and Peter the Great considered themselves to be absolute rulers and they had divine right.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Louis xiv changed France in many ways. He helped and hurt the growing nation. In order to become a true absolute ruler Louis xiv needed to make sure that ll the power was contained in himself. So he did a very clever thing, he took the nobles power out of the government. And to make sure they didnt realize that their power was being taken away slowly he gave them positions in the army (doc.7). This now made france a true absolute monarchy. All the power was now in louis xiv. He made all the decisions and no one could stop or disagree with him. Unlike the middle ages where the system of government was the feudal system and the nobles contained a great deal of power t...

Osteoporosis Essay -- essays research papers

Osteoporosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Osteoporosis is a health ailment which causes bones to become so porous that they can break easily. Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bones'. The bones in our skeleton are made of a thick outer shell and a strong inner mesh filled with collagen [protein], calcium salts and other minerals. The inside looks like honeycomb, with blood vessels and bone marrow in the spaces between bone. Osteoporosis occurs when the holes between bone become bigger, making it fragile and liable to break easily. Osteoporosis usually affects the whole skeleton but it most commonly causes breaks or fractures to bone in the wrist, spine and hip.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Women are potentially at higher risk of osteoporosis because of the bone loss that occurs when they get relatively old and are experiencing menopause. (Men can, however, acquire the bone disease as well.) The low estrogen level results in an accelerated bone loss. This can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fracture. There are also many other factors which can increase your risk, and these are early menopause (before 45), early hysterectomy (especially if one or both ovaries were removed), or infrequent periods often linked to over-dieting (especially anorexia) or over-exercising (long distance running). Other risk factors are a fracture after a minor accident or fall, long term or high dose oral corticosteroid treatment, family history (parent or close relative with os...

Integrating Culture and Diversity in Decision Making: The CEO and Organizational Culture Profile Essay

Examine the culture of the selected organization. Explain how you determined that the selected organization showed the signs of the culture that you have identified. Determine the factors that caused the organization to embody this particular culture. Determine what type of leader would be best suited for this organization. Support your position. Imagine that there is a decline in the demand of product or services supplied by the selected organization. Determine what the change in culture would need to be in response to this situation. Zappos, which started as an on-line shoe retailer in 1999, has grown into a multi –million dollar company and expanded past simply selling shoes to selling accessories, handbags and other clothing items carrying over 1,136 brands (Zappos IP, 2013). It was named one of Fortune Magazine’s â€Å"Best Places in America to Work† (Koetsier, 2013) and has extended their organization’s reach by developing Zappos Insights, which allows other companies a deep look into the organization, enabling them to adopt the same culture that has allowed Zappos to achieve immense success. Zappos is an organization committed to delivering happiness, not only among their employees and customers, but to other growing companies as well (Zappos Insights, 2013). Zappos embodies a laid-back service-oriented culture and has fun doing it. This is apparent through their training program which requires all new hires, regardless of position, to complete four weeks of training in the customer call center (Zappos IP, 2013). The culture at Zappos can be immediately felt as CEO, Tony Hsieh, introduces himself as just â€Å"Tony† in a company welcome video on the Zappos Insights website. A virtual tour of the Las Vegas corporate office gives a peak into the laid back culture the company embodies. With decorations hanging from the ceiling and writing on the walls, the open office space blends a fraternity house look with a mood that screams fun. â€Å"Monkey Row† is an area of the work floor that houses Hsieh’s and other executives desks, pushing an open door policy even further since no walls or cubicle barriers separate the leaders of the company from it’s customer call center employees (Zappos Insights, 2013). Hsieh, who strives to spread â€Å"happiness† as a business model, truly understands that company culture affects the performance of an organization and the job satisfaction of its employees (Schermerhorn, Osborn, Uhl-Bien, & Hunt, 2012). At Zappos, â€Å"customer service isn’t just a department—it is the entire company† (Zappos IP, 2013). Organizational leaders set the tone for the culture of a company (Schermerhorn et al., 2012). Hsieh has established a strong culture for the Zappos organization by creating the Zappos Familky Core Values. These ten statements ranging from ‘create fun and a little weirdness’ to ‘be humble’ encourage employees to be themselves, work hard and seek positive change. Hsieh’s favorite core value, be passionate and determined, along with the remaining nine, are heavily referred to during the hiring process (Zappos IP, 2013). Zappos is so committed to maintaining their culture that, after the four week training course, they offer every new hire $2000 to quit if they don’t see themselves fitting in with the culture of the company (Koetsier, 2013), thus eliminating subcultures and countercultures (Schermerhorn et al., 2012). The best type of leader for the Zappos organization is a transformational leader. Transformational leaders, who encourage employees to look out for the good of others (Schermerhorn et al., 2012), strongly align with the Zappos core values of ‘drive change’ and ‘build a family spirit’ (Zappos IP, 2013). The company also values growth and learning, another aspect of transformational leadership (Schermerhorn et al., 2012). Inspiration, another dimension in transformational leadership, lines the walls of the Zappos corporate office. Official signs and quotes hang next to team created posters, revealing that the culture lives deep within the organization and its members. The Zappos organization also benefits from having a servant leader (Schermerhorn et al., 2012). Hsieh creates a positive impact on the community by inviting striving businesses to participate in a program called Zappos Insights which offers opportunities such as free tours, paid two-day seminars and dinner with the CEO (Schermerhorn et al., 2012). This opportunity to share knowledge and learn the culture that has helped Zappos reach success is one way the company serves their business comuunity. Zappos, has expanded its market past internet sales and into the world of information sharing with Zappos Insights. With the program already paying for itself (Schermerhorn et al., 2012), it is doubtful that the organization would need to change their culture dramatically in order to respond to a decline in demand for the products supplied by their internet sales. Hsieh, a visionary, sees Zappos Insights representing ten percent of the company profits in the future (Schermerhorn et al., 2012). In the event of decreased shoe and accessory sales, Zappos, rather than change their culture, can be profitable by diving deeper into their existing culture and creating more opportunities similar to Zappos Insights to capitalize on their successful business plan and company secrets. Dew, J., & Fisher, M. (2013, July 13). Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh Mentors Gamemaster. (T. Hsieh, Interviewer) Koetsier, J. (2013, Feburary 17). Zappos culture coach: how ‘squishy’ stuff like culture took us to a billion dollars in revenue. Retrieved July 20, 2013, from Ventrurebeat.com: http://venturebeat.com/2013/02/17/zappos-culture-coach-how-squishy-stuff-like-culture-took-us-to-a-billion-dollars-in-revenue/ Rosenbaum, S. (2010, June 4). Fastcompany.com. Retrieved July 20, 2013, from The Happiness Culture: Zappos Isn’t a Company- It’s a Mission: http://www.fastcompany.com/1657030/happiness-culture-zappos-isnt-company-its-mission Schermerhorn, J. R., Osborn, R. N., Uhl-Bien, M., & Hunt, J. H. (2012). Organizational Behavior. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Zappos Insights. (2013). Zappos Insights. Retrieved July 20, 2013, from zapposinsights.com: http://www.zapposinsights.com/ Zappos IP. (2013). Zappos.com. Retrieved July 20, 2013, from About: http://about.zappos. com/zappos-story/in-the-beginning-let-there-be-shoes

Paiboc Analysis

PAIBOC ANALYSIS PP Slides for following: PAIBOC Analysis Note: Use complete sentences and proper punctuation / grammar. Do not exceed one page. P What is your purpose or your purposes? What do you want your audience to know, think, or do? The purpose of the message is to both educate students on the responsible use of credit and credit cards and to give them tools and examples of how to use debt responsibly. A Who is your target audience? Describe the typical person in the group.What personal characteristics of your target audience are relevant to this message? The target audience would be Seniors in High School-Graduate Students in College, primarily ages 18-24. Subtarget would be those who have little or no direct experience managing finances or even knowledge of such things as APR, late-fees, over-limit fees, etc. Gender and ethnicity are irrelevant except as defined within economic needs. I What information must you include in the message?Information that must be included consist s of: relevancy of debt/credit; consequences of irresponsible use of credit; ways to manage credit/debt; and reasonable expectations of the use of credit. B How can you build support for your position? What reasons or benefits will your target audience find convincing? Support is built through real-world examples, showing how much credit actually â€Å"costs,† consequences to job, insurance, or ability to be employed in certain industries; ability to remain in school rather than drop out to pay for debt, etc. O What objections can you expect?How can you address the objections? Most students live in the here and now, thinking little of future consequences; objections will be numerous – but I need to get that x, y or z; it was on sale; it's a great deal; I needed to pay for dinner, etc. –objections may be addressed by helping students categorize expenses. C What aspects of the context or situation might affect audience response? Invitation to seminar or profession al setting may have greater effect than, say, extemporaneous speaking at a cafA © or bar. Standing outside a Mall and trying to persuade students not to spend will likely have little effect.Here's the scenario: it's your first week away from home and on campus. You are registering for class, caught up in the excitement of new friends, experiences, new places to visit, and dozens of vendors handing out T-shirts, Frisbees, even Ipods – so what's the catch? Each of these vendors is â€Å"offering you a free credit card,† just sign up today – no, you don't need a job, we trust college students. If you signed on the dotted line, you'll not be alone – over 75% of college students have at least two credit cards, and 60% have more than two.And, did you by chance take the time to read the fine print? Did you know that the first bill you receive, even if you don't spend a dime, will include a $50 activation fee? That your interest rate is almost %30; and that if you are even one day late on your payment you're charged a $50 late fee and your interest rate rises? Well, that's the reality of the situation, and yes, the government is trying to regulate the industry and put guidelines on credit – but ultimately, it is your responsibility to manage credit.Credit is a relatively new concept in consumer economics; your grandparents had to save and purchase most things in cash – exceptions were larger purchases like a home or car. Credit also has a cost to it – which will vary depending on the situation and creditor. Credit is almost essential though, you cannot shop online without a credit or debit card; you may need to purchase textbooks or an apartment deposit before your Student Aid money arrives, or you may have a medical emergency or automobile repair that is essential for your life. However, consider the following real-world example.Seth, like you, received numerous credit card offers – which he accepted. Pretty s oon, he was feeling quite wonderful, knowing he had $5,000 in money that he â€Å"could† spend. Now Seth wasn't a brain, but he did well in school, and made a lot of new friends; who invited him out regularly for pizza and beer. Of course, not wanting to seem â€Å"cheap,† Seth almost always bought a few pitchers; and then there was that new DVD; oh, and those fantastic tennis shoes; and did we mention Seth met a special person and wanted to impress- the bill for that night out was only $400 – easy, right?Within a few months, even though Seth had made his payments on time, his cards were maxed out – he owed $5,000 to three credit card companies – his monthly payments were right around $300, and, here's the focal point – it will take Seth 11 years to pay off that slice of pizza he had last week, and instead of just owing $5,000, he will pay the credit card companies almost $10,000. What a great way to start a career, right, not to mention a f amily? Seth's story isn't over. He cut his cards and tried to act responsibly; and then it came time for his auto insurance enewal – his rates increased 23% – he called and found out it was because of his credit score. Doing a little research, Seth found out that not only does his bank and insurance company check his credit score; but also potential employers, especially higher-end or technological companies, have minimum standards before they will even interview. So, what's the smart way to manage credit – it's easy, and can be accomplished in just four simple steps: 1. Use a debit card whenever possible; especially for purchases like food, gas, and entertainment. Spend only what you can and resist the urge for that â€Å"immediate gratification. 2. Save your credit cards for emergencies; not emergencies like a trip to Matzatlan, but real emergencies like healthcare, auto repair, textbooks, seminars, etc. Even then, manage your credit so that you can completel y pay of X purchase in 6 payments maximum. 3. Never be late on your credit card payment and always pay more than the minimum – if an emergency happens, call the company, most will take a payment over the phone, although some with a small fee. 4. Avoid impulse – don't carry your credit card to the bar, restaurant, etc. â€Å"just in case. † Budget for the present and you will be budgeting for the future.PAIBOC| 35 up, 18 down| | PAIBOC stand for purpose, audience,information, objection, context. This is most valuable thing you will ever learn in life. Without PAIBOC you are a loser and good for nothing. Just ask that english teacher from woodbridge. In real truth PAIBOC is a worthless peice of crap that is good for nothing and really wont get you anywhere. It seems as though even this teacher has not applied PAIBOC to everything because she is so bad at everything that she does. Below are some suggestions of when to use PAIBOC. while using the toilet- your purpos e is to pee or poo. our audience is anyone that may be in the washroom at that time. Information you recieve is whether you managed to go pee or poo. Benefits are feeling very relieved after. Objection is if nothing will come out and it objects. Context is the circumstances as to why you had to go pee or poo. please ask yourself these questions before the next time you use the toilet. | PAIBOC stands for Purpose, Audience, Information, Benefits, Objections and Context. It is an analysis technique that can be used to analyse whatever you want. However, it is particularly useful when analysing a piece of writing material (-ie- Portfolio or Novel).

Employee Relations †Trade Unions Essay

In the early days of capitalism employers, in their struggle for maximum profits, were able to act with almost complete ruthlessness in their treatment of workers. They could take advantage of every rise of unemployment or inflow of immigrant workers to reduce wages to a bare minimum, using the lock-out if necessary to starve workers into submission. They imposed excessive hours of labor and ordered temporary extensions of normal hours without giving overtime pay. They employed workers in overcrowded and unsanitary factories and workshops, and exposed them to frequent accidents from dangerous machinery. They introduced new working processes and machinery at will, often replacing men by lower-paid women and children. Factory discipline was like that of a military force, and workers who ‘mutinied’ could be sacked and, by arrangement with other employers, blacklisted, so that they could not get work elsewhere. Employers accepted no responsibility for payment of wages during sickness, and workers sacked or disabled had to rely on their own resources. Trade unions were formed to resist these pressures. The basic idea was that, by combining together, workers could get better terms, protect individuals against victimization and provide payments out of union funds during strikes or lockouts. As the immediate consequence of successful union action was to reduce the employers’ profits, their reaction was predictable and they did everything they could to crush the unions. They got the government and Parliament to declare the unions illegal for organizations under laws carrying savage penalties. They declared that British industry would be ruined by the unions and the workers would become unemployed. They had the backing of the church and of most economists in their anti-union campaign, yet so desperate was the condition of the workers that unions went on being formed and operating. Unable to suppress them the government finally, in 1824, made them legal. Employers have come to learn that trade unions can be useful to them. Now only a few employers and eccentric capitalists are anti-union. Most employers, especially the bigger ones, including the nationalized industries and the government, accept trade unions as â€Å"social partners† whose joint task it is to see that industry runs smoothly and with a minimum of industrial trouble. Employers have had to come to terms with trade unions and strikes. In return for recognition (sole bargaining rights, compulsory union membership and sometimes the deduction of dues from wages and representation on various joint committees) trade unions are expected to keep their members in order and, if necessary, discipline them: for example, if they interrupt production by going on unofficial strike. Most unions in Britain today are prepared to accept such a deal. The question arises to what extent modern trade unions can still be regarded as democratic organizations, in the sense of being run by and for the workers. That the unions do provide a service for their members cannot be denied. What is relevant in this context is the extent to which trade unions are run by their members. Most unions have formal democratic constitutions which provide for a wide degree of membership participation and democratic control. In practice however, these provisions are sometimes ineffective and actual control of many unions is in the hands of a well-entrenched full-time leadership. It is these leaders who frequently collaborate with the State and employers in the administration of capitalism; who get involved in supporting political parties and governments which act against the interest of the working class. But it would be wrong to write off the unions as anti-working-class organizations. The union has indeed tended to become an institution apart from its members; but the policy of a union is still influenced by the views of its members. A union is only as strong as its members. For without their participation at the place of work, and without their willingness to go on strike or take some other form of industrial action, a union would be in a weakened position with regard to the employer. Although the First International lasted for only a few years it left behind unions in many countries which appreciated the need for international organization, leading in 1901 to the formation of the International Federation of Trade Unions representing for each country national federations like the TUC. At the same time international organizations were formed representing unions in particular industries, such as the miners, the transport workers, engineering workers, etc. The statutory recognition rights provided by the Employment Relations Act 1999 appear to offer substantial new legal support for trade unions in Britain. It is, however, far from clear how substantial this support will prove to be in practice, or how far it will alter the extent and conduct of collective bargaining. There have already been some broad-ranging analyses in anticipation of the legislation (McCarthy, 1999; Wood & Godard, 1999; Towers, 1999). Although the law increasingly acknowledges alternative forms of employee representation, the promotion of collective bargaining through a recognized trade union is ‘still the favored means of advancing the interests of both unions and workers’ (McCarthy, 2000). There are inherent difficulties in using legal sanctions to bring parties to the bargaining table; the 1999 Act, accordingly, holds the threat of statutory recognition in reserve for situations where the parties have failed to make provision for voluntary recognition. This ‘procedural’ emphasis means that, on close inspection, what appears to be a statutory right to recognition is in fact nothing of the sort. The Act is therefore likely to disappoint those who see it as the harbinger of a new right to collective bargaining. The new recognition procedure arguably makes more sense as part of a wider package of measures aimed at advancing ‘partnership’ at work. However, this is not necessarily consistent with the priority given to the recognized trade union as the preferred model of employee representation. The problem is not simply that the new law will have little or no impact on workplaces where union influence, while significant, is nevertheless far below the membership thresholds set for statutory recognition. Even where the union can show majority support within the relevant bargaining unit, the new law does little to promote an active, continuing dialogue between the parties. This is in contrast to the alternative ‘information and consultation’ model of employee representation which is found in various forms in mainland Europe and which has enjoyed, from time to time, the support of the TUC. This approach arguably has the potential to promote partnership based on dialogue in many more workplaces than those which will be affected by the new recognition law, and, indirectly, to widen the range of matters over which bargaining takes place. A natural assumption might be that the act of trade union recognition is clear-cut. A reasonable starting point would be that it is comparable with other acts of legitimation or authorization of status such as the granting of citizenship, or the granting of diplomatic recognition to a foreign government. By such actions governments provide access to a range of rights which are in principle both defined and enforceable and, furthermore, relate to third parties. Employers, however, are very different from governments. The rights that they can grant to trade unions are solely with regard to transactions with themselves, and do not normally bind third parties. As a result, in the context of British labor law, the definition and enforcement of these rights is both more private and more problematic. This elusive character of recognition rights has increased with the decline of industrial agreements in Britain. Forty years ago, the granting of recognition to a union would, for the great majority of workplaces, imply at very least conformity with the appropriate industrial agreement. With this conformity would come not only substantive rights to such things as pay and hours minima, but also procedural rights to union representation, both in individual disciplinary procedures and in collective procedures to vary the agreements. Today, with a few exceptions (such as in the electrical contracting, construction, and knitwear industries) such agreements have largely disappeared. They now cover only a small proportion of the minority of British employees who are still covered by any sort of collective bargaining (Cully & Woodland, 1998). For nearly 70 per cent of all those covered by collective bargaining, and for over 80 per cent of all those covered within the private sector, bargaining is conducted not by sector or industry, but at the level of the individual enterprise, or of some subordinate part of it (Brown et al. 2000). Bargaining at the level of the enterprise does not necessarily precede on the basis of formally defined recognition rights. The law does not require a recognition agreement to be in writing. Formal acknowledgement of a union’s rights often amounts to little more than the specification of its role in a grievance or discipline procedure, or giving it a named role in consultation procedures. There may be no written document indicating that a union has negotiation rights on specified issues. Even where a union plays a substantial role of representation and bargaining within an enterprise, there may be few clues to such an entitlement from anything that has been written down. Whether or not anything is written down, the status granted to a union by an employer is not a black-and-white issue. It is, as we see further below, a matter of degree. The depth of trade union recognition granted by an employer depends, in part, upon the scope of bargaining, which is another way of describing the range of issues on which bargaining is permitted (Clegg, 1976). Other aspects of the depth of recognition include the employer’s predisposition to make concessions during collective bargaining, the facilities that are offered to trade unions, the extent to which the bargaining relationship is formalized, and the extent to which the employer communicates with employees other than through union channels. The mere fact that an employer has granted union recognition tells one little about the practical value of that to the trade union in terms of effective collective bargaining. There are various legal concepts of recognition, the meanings of which depend on the purpose they are meant to serve. Recognition may be a passport not just to collective bargaining but to certain statutory rights. If an employer voluntarily recognizes a union, it comes under a statutory obligation to consult representatives of that union before making certain redundancies; where there is a transfer of the undertaking; before contracting-out of the state earnings-related pension scheme; and in relation to health and safety matters (Deakin & Morris, 2001). Recognition also entitles the union to claim disclosure of information for collective bargaining purposes, and entitles union members to time off for certain activities. In these contexts, ‘recognition’ refers to ‘the recognition of the union by an employer, or two or more associated employers, to any extent, for the purposes of collective bargaining’. Collective bargaining is defined as ‘negotiations relating to or connected with’ a range of matters grouped under seven categories and including, inter alia, terms and conditions of employment; the physical conditions of work; engagement; termination; allocation of work; discipline; trade union membership; trade union facilities; and machinery for negotiation or consultation (Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, s. 78). It is sufficient that the employer negotiated with a union on any one of these matters for the union to be recognized in this sense. With the passage of the 1999 Act, an additional definition of recognition was needed, one which would identify those matters over which the employer would have a duty to bargain. Essentially, this means that the scope of matters over which statutory recognition arises are narrower than the range of matters which the law associates with the practice of voluntary recognition. Thus, the nature of the power relationship between the employer and the trade union will continue to be highly relevant in determining the scope and extent of bargaining, just as it was prior to the coming into force of the new procedure. There are several other respects in which the new statutory right to recognition is tightly circumscribed. In particular, an application for statutory recognition can only be lodged in respect of bargaining units over which there is not, already, a voluntary recognition agreement. More specifically, a union which is, itself, already recognized over any one of ‘pay, hours or holidays’ (emphasis added) (Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Sched. A1, para. 35(2) (b)) is apparently barred from bringing a claim for statutory recognition in respect of the relevant bargaining unit. Nor can a union use the statutory procedures to challenge a rival, incumbent union, unless that union is non-independent, and even then, the procedure for statutory derecognition is highly complex (Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Sched.  A1, Part VI). At first sight, the new procedure enshrines a right to recognition over pay, hours and holidays for unions which can show that they have majority support in the relevant bargaining unit. On closer inspection, this right is far from universal since it only arises in respect of bargaining units where either no union is recognized or where the matters over which recognition has been conceded do not cover any part of the statutory core of ‘pay, hours and holidays’. Moreover, it is in essence a right to invoke a procedure rather than a right to achieve a particular outcome. An employer can avoid the imposition of a statutory order by making a voluntary agreement at one of a number of stages within the recognition procedure. If this occurs, the union can hold out for bargaining over the statutory core, knowing that, if it can show majority support in a ballot or otherwise, the CAC must grant it a declaration of statutory recognition. However, the content of statutory recognition is then dependent on the remedies which are made available against a recalcitrant employer.

Book Report on Freedomnomics by John Lott Essay

The effective management of the economic aspect of the country is always valuable and necessary to guarantee the financial stability of the nation and its people. As such, it is empirically significant that the economy is free from any manifestation of restriction for it to efficiently operate. Such condition is the underlying principle and practice behind what is called a free market. Economic freedom is attributed to the flexibility and most importantly, immunity of the economic field from limitations. In carrying-out such ideal situation, the reality that free economy works most to the advantages of both the people and nation is established. With such clear indications, it is therefore essential that the concept of free market is supported because it definitely works best for the population and the country in general. The said main thesis concerning the principle and practices of free market was what efficiently exemplified by the book â€Å"Freedomnomics† written by Economist and acclaimed author John Lott. In the said book, Lott (2007) opened the minds and hearts of the public about the necessity of a free market condition due to its many relevant advantages both for the people and societies. In doing so, the book not only provided its readers with a glimpse about the nature and components of free market but also allowed the public to realize its benefits. To support the book’s thesis, Lott based his premise from several case studies which all pointed to the significance of free market thus he called for and emphasized the need for economic freedom (Lott, 2007). In supporting his main theory on free market, Lott stressed major points that showed how free market or liberated economy paved the way for the eventual successful handling of the other aspects of the society such as the political system and the structure of the criminal justice as well as even the ethical or moral features of a country like the United States. It is in this position therefore that the book ultimately succeeded because it was able to make way for the public’s recognition that free market encompassed not only the economic aspect of the country but its other social components as well. Hence, there is indeed a need to adhere to and uphold the free market principle in order to achieve the nation’s improvement. The Free Market Premise In â€Å"Freedomnomics,† Lott effectively explored on the premise of free market-its nature, components, practices and most of all, its significance to people and the society. Citing the notion imparted by Adam Smith, the author outrightly presented that from such principle, where a nation’s economy just like the U. S. is free from any form of restriction, â€Å"the free market works† (Lott, 2007, p. 1). Taking into consideration the results of a number of economic-related case studies which he did on his whole career, the relevance of the principle of free market was highlighted by the author through the book. Additionally, the book’s point of view evolved around and was analyzed according to the philosophy that a restricted kind of economy, such as the one manifested by communism, is undeniably harmful. This is supposedly because of the fact that economic restrictions also result to portrayals of limitation that detriment other aspects of the society (Lott, 2007). As a support to his free market theory, Lott gave the public major points that all signified the benefits of such concept. In doing so, it became apparent for the book to prove the harms when the economy is subjected to any kind of restriction. The points that supported the free market perspective were bravely presented by the book like its opposition to the book â€Å"Freakonomics† by Steve Levitt and Stephen Dubner. The Lott book stressed the advantages to be derived from free market or economic freedom when it challenged its counterpart’s philosophy that the American economy is a swindling business because both the corporations and their people are cheating the public (Lott, 2007). In correcting the wrong notion brought about by â€Å"Freakonomics,† Lott’s â€Å"Freedomnomics,† in turn, clarified that the American economy, due to its free market principle, truly operates according to rules. This is because the field, as represented by many corporations, exerts earnest efforts â€Å"to make a profit by supplying people with something they want† (Lott, 2007, p. 3). It is in this condition that the effective operation of free market is exhibited due to its remarkable advantage of encouraging the economy and people behind it to act honestly and accordingly (Lott, 2007). The book further perceived that treating the public honestly made the free economy maintain its good reputation. Notwithstanding the supposed penalties and legal liabilities, the best motivation for the economy and corporations is to preserve their honesty and honor. Most importantly, it is not only the economy which benefited from free market as such principle likewise paved the way for proper operation of the other aspects of the society or the the sincere actions of other members of the society such as political leaders, professionals, members of the criminal justice system, all of which ensured adherence to moral standards. As a proof, Lott cited his experiences which confirmed that economy, politics and religion were connected. This was recorded by his opinion-editorial materials in the July 13, 1986 issues of the Great Falls Tribune and the Montana Standard (Lott, 2007, p. 7). Conclusion Regardless of the disputes against the free market principle, â€Å"Freedomnomics† effectively justified such and even emphasized its undisputed benefits which made the book commendable. Ultimately, it is only through continued observance of free market or liberated economy that Lott prescribed the country to become better and stable. Reference Lott, J. R. (2007). Freedomnomics: why the free market works and other half-baked theories don’t. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing.

Organ Transplantation Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organ Transplantation - Personal Statement Example Rithalia et al. (2009) state that in the UK most cases involving alive donors are reported in the donation of kidneys. Most of the other organs come from deceased people. Despite the benefits of organs’ transplantations, this procedure has its share of limitations. For example, as Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) state, the organs available for transplants are usually in short supply, yet the number of people in need of transplants is ever increasing. This translates into a long waiting list, while demand continues to grow and more people die from organ failure. As Lawson (2008) states, the problem with the current healthcare setting is that organ transplantations rely so much on informed consent that many unnecessary deaths are occurring, yet good organs, which can be used to save people’s lives, are being buried and cremated. Presumed Consent during Organ Transplantation To increase the supply of organs, medical practitioners have been forced to use various means to obtain organs. As Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) state, the conventional method is â€Å"opt-in†, in which a person voluntarily donates his/her organs to needy patients. Using this method, the donor should authorize the removal of organs after his/her death, by, for example, carrying a donor card, or being a member of the national registry (Price, 2000). However, since these donations still do not meet the growing demand, practitioners tend to use the â€Å"presumed consent† method. According to Liddy (2000), presumed consent assumes that everyone wishes to donate their organs after death, unless the person has â€Å"opted out† of the system. This is despite the absence of a clear indication that the individual donating the organs have given their consent for the procurement process. According to Lawson (2009), the presumed consent system allows for organ procurement after the death of a person, unless the deceased had objected to this procedure before their death. This scenario, according to Voo, Campbell, & De Castro (2009) creates an â€Å"ethical crisis†, where critics argue that the deceased may not have known the laws governing organ donations, and would not have, therefore, objected. Legal and Ethical Issues Affecting Presumed Consent during Organ Transplantation On legality grounds, Ammann (2010) writes that from a legal standpoint, every adult of sound mind should have the ability to make decisions concerning any actions towards one own body. It is, therefore, argued that the presumed consent model violates free and informed decision making; thus, undermining personal autonomy. In addition, some critics argue that presumed consent is not legal since it assumes that every person who does not opt-out of the system wishes to donate their organs after death. This, however, is not the case, considering that majority of people are ignorant about such an option and may, therefore, be unwilling to donate, yet fail to opt-out. As a result of not opting-out, such people may end up donating organs even though they never intended to become donors (Liddy, 2000). Presumed consent can either be â€Å"hard opt-out† or â€Å"soft opt-out† depending on the available legislations, as well as ethical considerations (Ammann, 2010). The hard system does not consult the family, while the soft one considers the wishes of the family before starting on the organ procurement proces

Strategic Thinking for Wal-Mart business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Thinking for Wal-Mart business - Essay Example According to Altier (1991, p.21), â€Å"to survive in tomorrow’s increasingly competitive world, companies are going to adopt a modus operandi that is coming to be known as strategic thinking.† Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is one of those successful industries that are using strategic thinking to achieve competitive advantage within the retailing industry. According to a retail consultant Patricia Pao, â€Å"in successful retailing, it’s usually 10% of a great idea and 90% execution, but at Wal-Mart 90% goes into strategic thinking and just 10% execution at the store level† (cited in Gogoi, n.d.). The main thrust of this paper is to examine and analyze the role and impact of strategic thinking for the competitive options of Wal-Mart. 2.0 Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Wal-Mart is one of the successful retailers in terms of sales volume, revenue, and market share. This 40-year old company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962, and it dominated the local market of the United Stat es and other countries. Wal-Mart began to trade in the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol NYSE: WMT and became one of the most reliable stocks because its investment risk is not alarming. The business is operating globally, and its top competitors include Target Corporation, Costco Wholesale, and Carrefour. Wal-Mart net sales in 2008 ($373.8), 2009 ($401.1) and 2010 ($405.0) are growing at lower rates, and its return on investment (ROI) is not changing nor growing at 19.3% (Walmart 2010 Annual Report, n.d.a). These figures only indicate that Wal-Mart’s performance in the past years is struggling caused by ineffective plans and techniques. Aside from internal defects, the sluggish growth can also be attributed to external elements such as intense competition (local & international) and economic instability caused by recession. As Wal-Mart’s life cycle gets into the maturity stage, the number of powerful competitors has increased because the rate of sales an d profits are high; however, the overall growth of the industry is at a very slow-paced manner. Cost at this level is lesser because of expansion and scale economies, but promotional activities need to be uplifted to make customers more knowledgeable about the product and service offerings. In fact, Wal-Mart executives have doubled their advertising expenses this year just to reach a broad group of consumers (Martin, 2011). Furthermore, Wal-Mart has experienced the most intense competition, which in turn has lowered its sales and market share. However, it remained as the world’s largest corporation based on the Global 500 and Fortune 500 annual ranking despite poor sales and market share (DuBois, 2011). In addition, it is also recognized as the most admired company because it produced a wide variety of product and services, highest-quality service to customers, and offered the lowest prices of retail goods. â€Å"CEO Bill Simon has freely admitted to Wal-Mart’s misste ps in the past, which included prematurely removing profitable products, overly aggressive rollbacks, and poor relationships with merchants† (Sun, 2010). Thus, to regain its market share and high record sales, executives have concentrated on seeking and developing new approaches through strategic thinking. They go back to the basic, but this time they are more observant to their environment and turn into an out-of-the box thinker. They have gathered as much

Investment in emerging market or the effects of foreign direct Dissertation

Investment in emerging market or the effects of foreign direct investment(FDI) in emerging market - Dissertation Example Hence, the impact of FDI can be ascertained through reports and academic articles. FDI alone does not mean success and it depends on various other factors. With a view to evaluate the impact that the MNCs make by entering developing economies, this study was conducted. This study is based purely on secondary data through reliable sources. After reviewing literature on the theories and perspectives on FDI and on emerging economies, two MNCs that have invested in two different economies – China and India - were studied. Yamaha of Japan invested in India as a market expansion strategy and achieved initial success. Their investment and control was limited and as competition increased, they could not sustain. They still have two plants in India but they are yet to achieve success. Cultural distance seems to be the dominant factor in the outcome. In the case of China, General Motors of the US adopted a unique strategy by entering through investments in research and development at th e behest of the local government. Gradually they could enter into manufacturing and today they sell more trucks in China than they do in the US. GM adopted a vertical approach to FDI in China because of the huge difference in the factor endowments. Thus, the success or failure of the MNCs in developing economies requires taking into account the risk factors and knowing how to mitigate these risks. Prior experience is not enough. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem statement 2 1.3 Organization of the study 3 2. Literature Review 4 2.1 Definition and concept of FDI 4 2.2 Drivers of FDI 5 2.3 Emerging economies 7 2.4 FDI in emerging economies 9 3. Research Methodology 10 3.1 Research Philosophy 10 3.2 Research phenomenon 10 3.3 Research design 10 3.4 Research strategy 11 3.5 Justification for literature review 12 4. Findings and Discussion 14 4.1 India 14 4.2 China 17 5. Conclusion & recommendations 22 5.1 Conclusion 22 5.2 Recommendations 23 References 25 Ap pendices 27 1. Introduction 1.1 Background The developing economies comprising of low-income economies (with an annual gross national income per capita of $905 or less) and lower-middle income economies (income per capita between $906 and $3,595) jointly produce 41% of the world’s output, according to the World Bank Development Indicators 2008 report (Lenartowicz & Balasubramanian, 2009). Moreover, 5 of the 12 largest economies are now in the developing world. China and India’s economies are not expected to grow 22 times their current size by 2050 whereas the US is expected to grow only 2.5 times approximately. The developing countries constitute more than 80% of the world’s population. The geographical focus of growth has shifted towards the developing economies, which is the reason that the multinationals have been trying to develop economies in Asia, Africa and South America as profit sources. While the MNCs from the developed nations were seeking suitable ci rcumstances for foreign market access, the developing nations also strived to draw the attention of the foreign investors by offering incentives (Michi, Cagatay & Koska, 2004). This led to a serious competition to access the developing nations’ markets and the evaluation was based on costs, internal market and ownership/location advantages. The developing nati